http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/rss/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095

Hydrogels with more water-rich networks are typically less mechanically robust. Here, this issue is addressed by jellyfish mesoglea with a long-range-ordered laminated membranous network. Inspired by jellyfish mesoglea, a chitosan hydrogel with laminated membranous network is made by slow solution evaporation and combination of in-plane stretching and sodium hydroxide treatment, exhibiting high modulus, high strength and ultrahigh water content.

Hydrogels, water-rich polymer networks, are important materials for application as structural biomaterials. More water-rich networks are typically less mechanically robust, which is manifested as softness and low stress to fracture. Unusually, jellyfish mesoglea exhibits paradoxical combination of high stiffness and strength with ultrahigh water content. Here, it is discovered that jellyfish mesoglea possesses a long-range-ordered laminated membranous network, which features crystal orientation along membrane plane and collagen chain spanning at the junction of membranes. Such a laminated membranous network is in favor of resistance to deformation, as well as transmission and dispersion of stress for culminating in good mechanical robustness. Fabrication of chitosan hydrogel with jellyfish mesoglea-like network is further demonstrated by pre-constructing a random membranous network via evaporation-induced phase separation, followed by aligning and crystallizing the membranes via combination of in-plane stretching and sodium hydroxide treatment. The obtained hydrogel exhibits a combination of high modulus (5.2 MPa) and strength (6.5 MPa) with ultrahigh water content (91.8 wt.%), exceeding that of other synthetic and even biological hydrogels. This work offers not only a structural concept but also a feasible way for making hydrogels that overcome traditional trade-off between good mechanical robustness and ultrahigh water content.

The Cu-Co3Cu heterogeneous structure, constructed by means of in situ photoreduction, demonstrates highly efficient and durable catalytic performance for photothermal CO2 hydrogenation reactions through the development of a phase engineering strategy. As verified by experimental observations and theoretical simulations, the phase engineering strategy introduces dual-functional catalytic centers that enhance photothermal conversion, promoting CO2 and H2 activation and improving CO selectivity.

Photothermal CO2 hydrogenation is a promising approach for the conversion and valorization of CO2 into value-added products. However, challenges remain in balancing catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, particularly for non-noble metal catalysts. In this work, a phase engineering strategy is introduced to synthesize CuCo heterophase nanoparticles via in situ photoreduction of oxide precursors under CO2 hydrogenation conditions. Experimental characterization reveals that the abundant Cu-Co3Cu interfaces act as atomic-level channels for photoelectron transfer and localized hot charge accumulation. These features synergistically improve full-spectrum light utilization and photothermal conversion efficiency. The optimal catalyst achieves a CO yield of 0.82 mol g−1 h−1 under 3 W cm−2 full-spectrum light illumination and maintains ≈95% selectivity across 100 cycles. In situ spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations suggests that the phase engineering enhances CO2 adsorption and activation while weakening CO binding, thereby suppressing methanation and enabling an optimal Sabatier balance. This interfacial engineering approach in heterophase nanostructures improves both stability and activity of non-noble metal catalysts in CO2 conversion and offers an effective pathway for developing efficient photothermal systems through rational interfacial engineering.

Tortuosity-controlled hosts, fabricated via regulated polymer demixing, create vertically aligned, low-tortuosity (LT) frameworks with lithiophilicity gradients. The LT host enhances Li-ion transport kinetics, promotes homogeneous bottom–up Li deposition. When paired with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes, a double-stacked pouch-type full cell achieves high energy density (398.1 Wh kg−1, 1516.8 Wh L−1), retains 94.2% capacity after 80 cycles.

Lithium (Li) metal anodes, despite their exceptional theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g−1), suffer from severe dendrite growth, electrolyte decomposition, and structural instability caused by uneven Li-ion flux and significant volume fluctuations. Here, a one-step, scalable fabrication of 3D hosts that synergistically couple tortuosity modulation with a spatially graded lithiophilicity via precise control of demixing kinetics in a nonsolvent-induced phase separation process is reported. Low-tortuosity (LT) hosts integrate vertically aligned channels for fast ion transport with a silver-gradient interface that directs bottom–up Li deposition, enabling concurrent suppression of dendrites and accommodation of plating-induced volume expansion (4.4% swelling). Finite element simulations confirm the cooperative role of structural alignment in mitigating ion depletion and of chemical gradients in guiding uniform deposition, jointly ensuring stable Li cycling. The LT host sustains >5500 h at 1C in symmetric cells and delivers superior durability in full cells with limited-Li anodes (4 mAh cm−2) paired with LiFePO4 and high-loading LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes. Double-stacked pouch cells (N/P = 0.8, E/C = 2.5 g Ah−1) achieve 398.1 Wh kg−1 and 1516.8 Wh L−1, retaining 94.2% capacity after 80 cycles. This structural–chemical integration strategy offers a practical, scalable route toward next-generation high-energy-density Li metal batteries.

A self-perception–healing–feedback system that mimics biological healing is created by integrating a conductive polymer with an artificial intelligence. Using multi-terminal impedance sensing, the system self-perceives damage, triggers localized Joule heating to heal the crack, and provides feedback on the repair status. This work pioneers the leap from self-healing to smart-healing, introducing a new generation of intelligent, autonomous materials.

Creating materials that can heal themselves while also being strong, stable, and quick to repair presents a major scientific challenge, as existing materials often sacrifice one of these properties for another. To address this limitation, a conductive composite is developed by incorporating ionic liquids into a common plastic. Measurable changes in the material's electrical properties enable damage detection. When a crack is detected, a small electric current is applied to the area, generating localized heat that melts the plastic to seamlessly seal the damage. This process is integrated with an artificial intelligence (AI) system that autonomously detects damage, triggers healing, and confirms repair completion. By establishing a complete perception-healing-feedback loop, this work realizes the conceptual leap from self-healing to smart-healing, pioneering a new generation of autonomous materials.

An asymmetric isothiourea–guanidine additive dihydrochloride is developed, which uniformly distributes throughout the perovskite. The isothiourea group preferentially regulates perovskite crystallization along (001) orientation, while guanidine group contributes to suppressing ion migration by formation of N─H···I hydrogen bonds, enabling a 26.73% efficiency with a highest certified steady-state power output of 26.73% to date and an over 4000 h operational stability.

Guanidinium and thiourea derivatives play significant roles in suppressing both shallow- and deep-level defects, regulating perovskite crystallization, and leading to enhanced performance for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an asymmetric isothiourea–guanidine hybrid dihydrochloride is designed by merging the two functional motifs onto a thiazole core to overcome the long-overlooked competition between guanidinium and thiourea additives. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the isothiourea arm selectively orients crystal growth along the (001) plane while effectively suppressing the formation of dimethylsulfoxide─PbI2 and other deleterious intermediate phases, whereas the guanidinium counterpart immobilizes iodide ions via N─H···I hydrogen bonding, lowering ion-migration activation energy. The resulting films exhibit suppressed defect densities, relieved residual strain, and an air-stable black phase retained after 11 days of ambient aging. Consequently, MA-free PSC delivers one of the highest certified quasi-steady-state output of 26.73% (p–i–n), a conventional 26.18% (n–i–p), and an indoor-light champion of 44.60% (n–i–p). Notably, the devices retain >90% of their initial efficiency after 4000 h of continuous 1-sun illumination (international summit on organic photovoltaic stability (ISOS)-L-1) and 2000 h of dark storage (ISOS-D-1).

By tuning the blend ratio of L8-BO to mBZS-4F acceptors in ternary OSCs, the bandgap is adjustable to match various wide-bandgap perovskite top subcells with a bandgap ranging from 1.80–1.88 eV. This strategy enables high-performance P/OTSCs, with efficiencies over 25.5%, in which the best-performing tandem device achieves an impressive 26.08% efficiency.

Perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (P/OTSCs) have attracted wide attention. However, insufficient near-infrared absorption of organic bottom subcells and poor compatibility with perovskite top subcells restrict their further development. Here, a ternary strategy of combining near-infrared-absorbing mBZS-4F and crystalline L8-BO as mixed acceptors along with D18 donor is proposed to form an organic bottom absorber. This approach effectively extended the near-infrared absorption to 970 nm while maintaining low voltage loss (0.54 eV). By adjusting the L8-BO:mBZS-4F ratio to 2:1, a high-performance OSC is achieved with a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.42% and an outstanding fill factor (FF) of 81.25%. This combination strategy exhibits robust compatibility with a 1.80, 1.86, and 1.88 eV wide-bandgap perovskite top subcell, enabling their corresponding P/OTSCs with PCEs of 25.82, 25.50, and 26.08%, respectively. The work suggests that such a ternary strategy not only benefits single-junction OSC performance but also suits a wide range of wide-bandgap perovskite subcells for efficient P/OTSCs.

Si based capacitive tunneling junctions (SCTJs) and corresponding moving trajectory monitoring and recognition systems for multi-functional neuromorphic computing networks are developed. Such SCTJs exhibit high-speed, low-energy consumption, an exceptionally low driving voltage, controllable reversibility, reproducibility, stability, and bilingual artificial synaptic plasticity. It has important guiding significance for intelligent surveillance, driverless vehicles, robot navigation, and other future intelligent scenarios.

The growing demand for artificial intelligence and deep learning technologies has led to a desperate need for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems capable of processing large datasets. Here, silicon capacitive tunneling junctions (SCTJs) that leverage the synergistic effects of capacitive coupling and quantum tunneling in Si-compatible devices are presented. These devices demonstrate high-speed switching, low energy consumption, and the ability to emulate neurobiological synaptic behaviors. By using pulse-programmed signal as “stimuli,” the SCTJs modulate charge accumulation and dissipation at the Al2O3/n-Si interface, simultaneously facilitating rapid electrons/holes transfer through the direct tunneling effect, resulting in high-performance bidirectional and bilingual multimodal postsynaptic behavior of SCTJ, with ultrafast response times of 10 ns and energy consumption as low as 1 fJ. Additionally, the SCTJs are integrated into a system capable of monitoring and recognizing the movement trajectories of objects. These findings offer valuable insights into interface gating mechanisms in capacitive tunneling, which has great significance in constructing the next-generation multifunctional silicon-based neuromorphic computing network.

The ion-dipole interactions within Li(solvents) x + groups for fast interfacial Li+ desolvation/diffusion and dendrite-free deposition are reduced by taming various d-orbital electron-delocalized catalyzers under the low-temperature surroundings. Consequently, the cells with weak ion-dipole interaction delivers long-term cycling life with high environmental robustness from 25 to −50°C, and the practical full cell stabilizes excellent capacity retention of ≈100% under 0°C.

Low-temperature lithium metal batteries (LT-LMBs) are increasingly desired for higher energy density and longer lifespan. However, due to organic electrolyte solidification, LT-LMBs are impeded by huge barriers resulting from the hindrance of larger solvation shells with strong ion-dipole interactions, leading to depressive Li kinetics and severe dendrite formation. Herein, interfacial catalysis by constructing electron delocalization d-orbital metal oxides toward the ion-dipole interactions is pioneered to accelerate the larger Li(solvents) x + dissociation under the low-temperature environment. Specifically, various kinds of d-orbital metal oxides (M = Ti, V, Fe, Co) with oxygen defect modulation are systematically screened and investigated for breaking the ion-dipole interactions, and the prototyped titanium oxide with adjustable electron delocalization behave the best, as confirmed by electrochemical and theoretical experiments. Consequently, optimized Li electrodes withstand environmental robustness from 25 to −50°C, and stabilize long-term cycling up to 1800 h and high Coulombic efficiency without any short-circuit under −20°C. The as-fabricated Li–S full cell enables a high-capacity retention of 88% at 0.2 C over 200 cycles, and the high-loading Li-LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell (≈20 mg cm−2) demonstrates excellent capacity retention ≈100% under 0°C, providing a new guideline for adopting a catalytic strategy for achieving advanced LT-LMBs.

Dual-ion regulated polyphosphoester-based electrolyte (PPUM-PE) achieves dendrite-free uniform lithium(Li) deposition, constructing a protected anode with robust bilayer solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Assembled LiFePO4 batteries deliver 1000 cycles at 1C alongside significantly enhanced safety.

The practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is hindered by the imbalanced periodic oscillatory distribution of cations/anions in liquid electrolytes (LEs) and thus the formed mechanically vulnerable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which collectively exacerbate lithium (Li) dendrite formation and degrade electrochemical stability. To overcome these issues, a polyphosphoester electrolyte (PPUM-PE) is designed through a dual-ion regulation strategy. The ‒NH‒ moieties in PPUM polymer effectively anchor anions, while its P═O/C═O functional groups reconstruct Li+ solvation architecture, collectively enabling an exceptional Li+ transference number (0.82) and improved reductive stability of the solvation sheath. A bilayer SEI layer formed on Li anodes—composed of an outer lithium-containing alkyl phosphate polymer and an inner LiF-enriched inorganic phase—exhibits high Young's modulus, effectively suppressing Li dendrite propagation and continuous electrolyte decomposition. Impressively, the as-assembled LMBs employing LiFePO4 cathodes retain 91.28% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1C. The electrolyte also demonstrates good compatibility with high-voltage cathodes (LiCoO2, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) and substantially improves battery thermal safety. This dual-ion synergistic regulation provides a scalable pathway toward high-energy-density LMBs.

The concept of spatially-controlled planar guided crystallization is a novel method for programming the growth of optically homogeneous low-loss Sb2S3 phase-change material (PCM), leveraging the directional crystallization within confined channels. This guided crystallization method is experimentally shown to circumvent the current limitations of conventional PCM-based nanophotonic devices, including a multilevel non-volatile optical phase-shifter and a programmable metasurface with reconfigurable bound state in the continuum.

Photonic integrated devices are progressively evolving beyond passive components into fully programmable systems, notably driven by the progress in chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) for non-volatile reconfigurable nanophotonics. However, the stochastic nature of their crystal grain formation results in strong spatial and temporal crystalline inhomogeneities. Here, the concept of spatially-controlled planar guided crystallization is proposed, a novel method for programming the growth of optically homogeneous low-loss Sb2S3 PCM, leveraging the seeded directional and progressive crystallization within confined channels. This guided crystallization method is experimentally shown to circumvent the current limitations of conventional PCM-based nanophotonic devices, including a multilevel non-volatile optical phase-shifter exploiting a silicon nitride-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and a programmable metasurface with spectrally reconfigurable bound state in the continuum. Precisely controlling the growth of PCMs to ensure optically uniform crystalline properties across devices is the cornerstone for the industrial development of non-volatile reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits.

A novel True Random Number Generator (TRNG) exploiting unpredictable conductive domain walls in single-crystal LiNbO3-on-insulator (LNOI) as a physical high-entropy source is demonstrated. The device achieves high-amplitude stochastic currents arising from the random nucleation and reconfiguration of conductive domain walls, enabling ultrafast output and flexible device scaling at comparable operating voltages.

Random ferroelectric domain nucleation and growth lead to the generation of numerous unpredictable microscopic states that collectively form a natural high-entropy system. Conventional electrical methods can directly measure reversible domain switching currents, offering a viable platform for true random number generation (TRNG). However, TRNG based on random ferroelectric switching events is limited by the noise amplitudes in electrical signals. In this study, TRNG is realized via the stochastic formation of conductive domain walls in single-crystal LiNbO3 thin films bonded to SiO2/Si wafers. This approach achieves a noise amplitude and cycling endurance >500 nA and >1010, respectively. The interfacial-layer-based device exhibits self-reinitialized stochastic sub-10-ns domain switching operations, enabling ultrafast generation of bit outputs and flexible device scaling. The generated random bitstreams, validated via National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)tests, exhibit robust resistance against machine-learning-based predictive attacks. This pioneering study establishes ferroelectric conductive domain walls as groundbreaking platforms for CMOS-compatible entropy source extraction, effectively addressing the long-standing challenges in amplifying entropy signals with operational robustness.

Utilizing the thermodynamic theory of optical properties, a colossal cryogenic electro-optic response in BaTiO3 thin films is designed and demonstrated by stabilizing a low symmetry metastable monoclinic phase via epitaxial strain tuning with an electro-optic response reaching ≈2516 pm V−1 at 5 K. This approach represents a new paradigm for engineering large property enhancements in materials applied toward cryogenic photonics.

The search for thin film electro-optic materials that can retain superior performance under cryogenic conditions has become critical for quantum computing. Barium titanate thin films show large linear electro-optic coefficients in the tetragonal phase at room temperature, which is severely degraded down to ≈200 pm V−1 in the rhombohedral phase at cryogenic temperatures. There is immense interest in manipulating these phase transformations and retaining superior electro-optic properties down to liquid helium temperature. Utilizing the thermodynamic theory of optical properties, a large low-temperature electro-optic response is designed by engineering the energetic competition between different ferroelectric phases, leading to a low-symmetry monoclinic phase with a massive electro-optic response. The existence of this phase is demonstrated in a strain-tuned BaTiO3 thin film that exhibits a linear electro-optic coefficient of 2516 ± 100 pm V−1 at 5 K, which is an order of magnitude higher than the best reported performance thus far. Importantly, the electro-optic coefficient increases by 100 × during cooling, unlike the conventional films, where it degrades. Further, at the lowest temperature, significant higher order electro-optic responses also emerge. These results represent a new framework for designing materials with property enhancements by stabilizing highly tunable metastable phases with strain.

A arch-like FBI-PyAI molecule (4-(5,6-difluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)butan-1-ammonium iodide) is designed and synthesized, which forms an ordered interlayer that relieves buried interfacial stress and mismatch, thereby enhancing structural integrity of perovskite films and the stability of devices.

Thermal instability remains a key barrier to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), largely due to severe thermomechanical mismatch at the buried interface between the perovskite and transport layers. This mismatch induces interfacial strain, triggering deep-level defects, ion migration, and phase segregation that severely impair device stability. Here, a thermomechanical stress engineering strategy is introduced via rational molecular interface design. Specifically, a novel molecule, 4-(5,6-difluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)butan-1-ammonium iodide (FBI-PyAI) is synthesized, that anchors at the TiO2/perovskite interface likely in a unique “molecular bridge” configuration. This soft interface yields an extremely low modulus and significantly reduces the interfacial stress energy from 0.554 to 0.178 eV, thereby suppressing defect formation and minimizing phase segregation. Meanwhile, the functional groups in FBI-PyAI passivate defects and induce vertically oriented perovskite crystallization, forming compact films with fewer voids and improved structural uniformity. As a result, the modified devices achieve exceptional thermal stability, which maintains 88% of initial efficiency after 50 thermal cycles (−15 to 65 °C). Moreover, the modified PSC delivers a competitive efficiency of 25.01% and outstanding photostability (95% retention after 800 h illumination under ISOS-L-1 protocol). This work offers mechanistic insight into interfacial stress modulation and underscores its importance for thermally stable PSCs.

This study develops a regional assembly crosslinking (RAC) hydrogel fabricated via electric-field-enhanced phase separation. The process generates a unique polypyrrole:polystyrene sulfonate junction matrix that inherently translates topological randomness into unpredictable, unclonable electrochemical responses. RAC hydrogels demonstrate electrochemical encryption that shows exceptional resistance to machine learning attacks, establishing a novel paradigm for secure hydrogel-based devices.

The sustainable development of an informatized and intelligent society relies on information security. Physical unclonable cryptographic primitives effectively secure information through random physical structures. However, the limited size of challenge–response pairs renders them vulnerable to machine learning attacks. This study proposes a regional assembly crosslinking (RAC) strategy to impart hydrogels with macroscopic, unclonable electrochemical behaviors derived from topological polymeric networks. An electric-field-enhanced phase separation approach is employed to create ion–electron transduction junctions based on polypyrrole:polystyrene sulfonate (PPy:PSS), forming a transduction junction matrix within the RAC hydrogel. The distinct transduction times of individual junctions enable pulsed electrical signals to convert the unique polymeric network topology into unpredictable and unclonable electrochemical responses. The RAC hydrogel-based encryption device generates over 1019 challenge–response pairs, significantly surpassing the standard requirement of 1010 for a strong physical unclonable cryptographic primitive. Additionally, the inherent nonlinear electrochemical characteristics of the ion–electron junction matrix significantly enhance the resistance of RAC hydrogels against machine learning attacks, including linear regression, multi-layer perceptrons, and Transformers. This study demonstrates that the electrochemical behavior of polymer networks in conductive hydrogels can emulate 3D electronic component matrices, establishing a novel paradigm for hydrogel phase engineering in information technology applications.

A high-performance stacked triboelectric nanogenerator is designed by the self-layered method, achieving efficient fabrication, high durability, and high output, which is a huge breakthrough for traditional designs. A device with 100 layers achieves a record-high volume charge density of 49.39 ± 1.73 mC m−3, enabling sustainable high-power applications in smart agricultural monitoring.

Capturing low-density ambient mechanical energy to power devices is a sustainable development pathway. In which, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a stacked design has garnered wide attention for its remarkable enhancement in output. However, the traditional layer-by-layer method generally results in complex fabrication and low output density. Herein, a novel self-layered method is proposed for efficiently constructing high output stacked TENG based on sliding mode. With the stacked thin steel sheets serving as the stator, an insertable rotor consisting of long fibers in the radial direction can be easily inserted into the stator during the rotating process. This achieves a self-layered effect, greatly simplifying the fabrication and improving the output. Finally, a highly integrated TENG comprising 200 units is fabricated within a height of 16.05 cm, and the volume charge density reaches 49.39 ± 1.73 mC m−3, which is 4 times of the previous record. The high power enables 10 commercial LEDs in 90 W power or 46 wireless agricultural sensors to work continuously. Besides, the TENG of 40 units can continuously power 8 wireless agricultural sensors at 6 m s−1 wind speed. Overall, this work overcomes the limitations of traditional designs, and provides a novel approach toward large-scale energy applications in sustainable agriculture.

Crosslinked polymers with decoupled non-conjugated backbones and polar moieties are designed through a modular molecular engineering to simultaneously optimize molecular polarity, topological crosslinking, and free volume in alicyclic polymers. The fully crosslinked P0-B300 delivers a record-high discharge energy density of 4.65 J cm−3 and superb insulation performance (breakdown strength greater than 700 MV m−1) at 250 °C, outperforming conventional dielectrics.

Polymer dielectric capacitors are critical for high-temperature energy storage, yet current materials face a trade-off between thermal stability and capacitive performance due to conduction loss or insufficient polarization. Here, a modular molecular engineering to simultaneously optimize molecular polarity, topological crosslinking, and free volume in alicyclic polymers is designed. By incorporating thermally crosslinkable benzocyclobutene (BCB) and sulfone-methyl (─SO2CH3) groups into norbornene-based monomers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), crosslinked networks with decoupled non-conjugated backbones and polar moieties are constructed. The polymers exhibit a wide optical bandgap (E g > 3.7 eV), high thermal stability (T g > 350 °C), and suppressed dissipation (D f ≈ 0.0006). Optimized P50-B250 delivers an exceptional discharged energy density (U d) of 8.00 J cm−3 at 150 °C (≥90% efficiency), while fully crosslinked P0-B300 retained U d of 7.34 J cm−3 at 200 °C and 4.65 J cm−3 at 250 °C, outperforming conventional dielectrics. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that crosslinking increases free volume fraction by ≈40%, inhibiting interchain charge transfer complexes (CTCs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that sulfonyl-enhanced polarization and crosslinking collectively restrict charge migration. This work establishes a general framework for designing polymer dielectrics by integrating structural modularity and topological control, offering pathways for next-generation energy storage applications under extreme conditions.

The aberrant overexpression of METTL1, a key m7G modulator, and HDAC1, are found to be associated with poor chemotherapeutic response in osteosarcoma. To target these epigenetic vulnerabilities, innovative carrier-free nano-epidrugs incorporating first-line doxorubicin with siMETTL1, FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor, and DSPE-PEG2000-cRGD are developed, synergistically regulating m7G-modified tRNA-mediated translation of DNA repair proteins, and HDAC-mediated histone deacetylation, amplifying DNA damage, thereby evoking osteosarcoma chemosensitization.

Osteosarcoma has witnessed stagnant clinical outcomes over the past four decades, owing to the inevitable reduction in chemosensitivity during treatment. Although epigenetics offers promising strategies to augment chemosensitivity, its role in osteosarcoma remains elusive. Here, by analyzing clinical cohorts, it is found that the aberrant overexpression of methyltransferase 1 (METTL1), a key N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modulator, and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), associated with poor chemotherapeutic response in osteosarcoma. To target these epigenetic vulnerabilities, innovative carrier-free nano-epidrugs (siMBD-R NPs) are developed, incorporating first-line doxorubicin (DOX) with siRNA against METTL1 (siMETTL1), FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor belinostat (BEL), and DSPE-PEG2000-cRGD. With ultrahigh active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) loading content (≈92.7 wt.%), tumor-specific targeting capability, and unique pH-responsive release characteristics, the siMBD-R NPs indicate remarkable tumor accumulation (15.2-fold enhancement) compared to free siMETTL1. Importantly, through dual-epigenetic regulation, the nano-epidrugs markedly amplify DOX-triggered DNA damage. Specifically, siMETTL1 selectively disrupts m7G-modified tRNA-mediated translation of DNA repair proteins, and BEL-induced HDAC inhibition remodels chromatin into a more accessible state, promoting DNA damage accumulation. In vivo studies demonstrate that siMBD-R NPs can significantly potentiate chemosensitivity, achieving an 81.5% relative increase in tumor inhibition, and can activate an immune response. This work highlights the potential benefits of leveraging dual-targeted epigenetic intervention to evoke osteosarcoma chemosensitization.

This review summarizes the recent advances in sodium-ion battery electrolytes (including organic, aqueous, gel, ionic liquid, and solid-state types) and their influence on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). It discusses SEI formation, aging, and optimization, as well as cases where no SEI forms, providing insights into the critical relationship between electrolyte chemistry and interfacial stability.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the low cost and abundant availability of sodium. Electrolyte, as the medium for ion transport, plays a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance. Currently, SIBs employ mainly organic electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquids, gel electrolytes, and solid electrolytes. These electrolytes have made significant progress according to the needs of various application scenarios. Notably, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed by decomposition of electrolytes on the electrode surface has a decisive influence on the performance of SIBs, and its composition and formation mechanism are closely related to the chemical nature of the electrolyte. Therefore, a deep understanding of the structure and interfacial chemistry of the SEI is essential for developing high-performance SIBs, preferably through the simple and effective modulation of electrolyte composition. However, the fragmented and insufficient mechanistic summary on this connection results in poor guidance on future research, especially for the co-design of electrolyte and solid electrolyte interphase. This review summarizes and compares the research progress of various electrolyte systems, discusses the formation and aging mechanisms of SEI, and presents the perspectives on the integrated design of electrolyte and SEI.

Interfacial modification with tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine at the Me-4PACz/perovskite interface simultaneously fills SAM defects, passivates undercoordinated Pb²⁺, and guides perovskite crystallization. This enables a 20.46%-efficient wide-bandgap (1.77 eV) cell and a two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell achieving a 29.71% efficiency with high operational stability, retaining 91.96% initial PCE after 850 h.

In wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells, light-induced phase segregation of the perovskite film and non-radiative recombination at the self-assembled monolayers/perovskite interface severely compromise device efficiency and stability. Herein, an interfacial engineering strategy utilizing controllable Lewis base small molecules is proposed to ameliorate the Me-4PACz/perovskite interface, enabling effective interfacial defect suppression and high-quality perovskite crystallization. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimized tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine (TPP) molecule can simultaneously fill defects in Me-4PACz self-assembly, passivate undercoordinated Pb2⁺ at the perovskite bottom surface, and anchor [PbX6]⁴− to provide nucleation sites for inducing bottom-up homogeneous crystallization. Consequently, the TPP-treated single-junction cell (1.77 eV) achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.46% with a high VOC of 1.34 eV, representing one of the highest reported efficiencies for this bandgap. The corresponding two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells achieved a PCE of 29.71% (certified as 29.13%), with a VOC of 2.16 V and fill factor of 83.81%, meanwhile maintaining exceptional operational stability by retaining 91.96% of initial PCE after 850 h of maximum power point tracking under solar illumination.

This study elucidates the transient photophysical mechanisms in manganese-based metal halides and designs A-site cations PPh4NBr and PPh4N2Br. The dimethylamino group suppresses low-frequency phonons, thereby minimizing non-radiative decay. The (PPh4N)2MnBr4 device achieves a 12.0% EQE, the highest reported among solution-processed, lead-free green-light devices, and enables the preparation of large-area electroluminescent devices (4 × 4 cm2) in ambient conditions.

Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as promising materials in optoelectronics, yet concerns over lead toxicity drive the search for lead-free alternatives with efficient electroluminescence, especially in green-emitting applications. Here, the photophysical functions of A-site cations in manganese bromides are revealed, and design dimethylamino-functionalized A-site cations to modulate both phonon dynamics, film morphology, and energy level alignment, enabling unprecedented efficiency in solution-processed green-emitting lead-free metal halide devices. Appropriately attaching of dimethylamino groups to benzene rings not only builds p–π conjugation that increases the rigidity of PPh4 + A-site cations, but also weakens hazardous van der Waals interaction, which suppresses A-site related nonradiative recombination. Importantly, methyl groups in dimethylamino groups enhance the flexibility of the A-site cation, which suppresses the formation of grain boundaries. Moreover, dimethylamino groups regulate the energy levels of PPh4 +, reducing charge injection barriers. Notably, electroluminescent devices are achieved with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 12.0% and large-area emission of 4 × 4 cm2, underscoring their potential for next-generation display technologies.