http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/rss/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095

A universal ligand adsorption strategy for controllable synthesis of low-dimensional (1D and 2D) Pd-based electrocatalysts to establish a fundamental understanding of the relationship between catalyst morphological structure and performance.

Unraveling the fundamental determinants of the intrinsic activity of practical catalysts has long been challenging, mainly due to the complexity of the structures and surfaces of such catalysts. Current understandings of intrinsic activity mostly come from model catalysts. Here, a pH-induced ligand adsorption strategy is developed to achieve controllable synthesis of self-assembled low-dimensional PdMo nanostructures, including 1D nanowires, 2D metallenes, and 2D metallene nanoveins. A strong correlation is established between the intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and the density of grain boundaries. Increased grain boundary density induces more extensive tensile strain, which, in synergy with electronic interactions within PdMo alloys, effectively lowers the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (*O to *OH). 2D PdMo metallene nanoveins, featuring the highest grain boundary density and a unique mesoporous structure, exhibit superior ORR activity and mass transport capabilities. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and in situ spectroscopy are employed to elucidate the structure-activity relationship. This work provides fundamental insights into the critical role of grain boundary engineering in enhancing ORR electrocatalysis in Pd-based nanostructures.

Sun et al. reviews recent progress in enhancing the enzyme-like catalytic selectivity of SAzymes through the rational design of their spatial coordination structures. They emphasize the structure-activity relationships of various attributes of these coordination structures in promoting selective catalytic behavior, the strategic design of coordination structures for target enzyme-like reactions, and effective synthesis methods for integrating these structures onto supports.

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) are nanomaterials that rely on atomic-level active sites to efficiently express catalytic functions like natural enzymes. With their outstanding robustness and exceptional atomic utilization, they are among the most competitive nanozymes used to overcome the inherent shortcomings of natural enzymes. However, SAzymes lack the precise structural complexity of natural enzymes and therefore do not exhibit the same level of catalytic selectivity—a major barrier to fully replacing natural enzymes. Previous studies have primarily focused on summarizing the methods and rules for improving the enzyme-like activity of SAzymes, while comparatively little attention has been given to their catalytic selectivity. Herein, this work reviews recent progress in enhancing the enzyme-like catalytic selectivity of SAzymes through the rational design of their spatial coordination structures. It emphasizes the structure-activity relationships of various attributes of these coordination structures in promoting selective catalytic behavior, the strategic design of coordination structures for target enzyme-like reactions, and effective synthesis methods for integrating these structures onto supports. In addition, the development prospects and current challenges in exploring SAzyme coordination structures are analyzed to provide new inspiration constructing next generation, highly selective SAzymes.

This study presents a novel unidirectional electrobending behavior with a symmetric butterfly-shaped bipolar S-E curve in acceptor-doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics, where the bending direction is governed by the pre-poling direction rather than the applied electric field. We attribute that this unprecedented unidirectional behavior arises from the synergistic interaction between domains and defect dipoles in the surface layers.

Since 2022, large apparent strains (>1%) with highly asymmetrical strain-electric field (S-E) curves have been reported in various thin piezoceramic materials, attributed to a bidirectional electric-field-induced bending (electrobending) deformation, which consistently produces convex bending along the negative electric field direction. In this study, a novel unidirectional electrobending behavior in acceptor-doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics are reported, where convex bending always occurs along the pre-poling direction regardless of the direction of the applied electric field. This unique deformation is related to the reorientation of the (MNb′′′−VO··$M_{{\mathrm{Nb}}}^{^{\prime\prime\prime}} - V_{\mathrm{O}}^{ \cdot \cdot }$) defect dipoles (where M2+ represents the acceptor-doped ion in the Nb- site) in one surface layer during the pre-poling process, resulting in an asymmetrical distribution of defect dipoles in the two surface layers. The synergistic interaction between ferroelectric domains and defect dipoles in the surface layers induces this unidirectional electrobending, as evidenced by a butterfly-like symmetrical bipolar S-E curve with a giant apparent strain of 3.2%. These findings provide new insights into defect engineering strategies for developing advanced piezoelectric materials with large electroinduced displacements.

In this work, a novel Cu/Cu2+1O/ZnO inverse opal catalyst is presented with abundant active sites and optimized electronic structure for the nitrate reduction reaction and high-power Zn-NO3 – battery, resulting in the significantly enhanced catalytic reaction kinetics.

The electroreduction of NO3 − to NH3 (NO3RR) using renewable energy presents a promising strategy to mitigate environmental pollution and produce high-value chemicals. However, the practical application of NO3RR is hindered by limited active sites and sluggish reaction kinetics, stemming from the complex eight-electron process. Herein, a novel Cu/Cu2+1O/ZnO-2.5 inverse opals (CCZ-IOs-2.5) catalyst featuring a 3D porous network is designed, which provides abundant active sites and an optimized electronic structure to accelerate the NO3RR kinetics for efficient NH3 production. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of ZnO facilitates electron transfer to Cu active sites, increasing charge density and lowering the reaction energy barrier of the rate-determining step (*NO to *NOH). As a result, CCZ-IOs-2.5 exhibits a notable enhancement in NH3 yield (from 0.255 to 0.313 mmol h−1 cm−2) and Faradaic efficiency (from 85.7% to 95.5%) compared to the Cu/Cu2+1O catalyst. Thanks to its excellent NO3RR activity, the Zn-NO3 − battery with the CCZ-IOs-2.5 cathode achieves a max power density of 11.93 mW cm−2. This study adopts a multi-dimensional strategy encompassing morphology regulation, electronic structure optimization, and surface/interface engineering, offering new insights into efficient electrocatalyst development and realizing integrated NH3 synthesis and energy output in a Zn-NO3 − battery.

An electrohydrodynamic printing process is developed to precisely pattern liquid metal microfibers with ultra-high resolution (≈1.5 µm) and minimal defects, which effectively overcomes the limitations of electrospinning. To the best of their knowledge, the patterning resolution achieved in this work is the highest reported for liquid metal particle-based inks. Applications in soft sensors and soft conductive composites are demonstrated.

Liquid metal particle-based microfibers attract great interest in soft and wearable electronics. The most facile method to fabricate sub-50 µm liquid metal fiber is electrospinning. However, electrospinning has poor patterning ability and the electrospun fibers have inherent defects, which significantly lowers the electrical conductivity and limits their application. Therefore, better manufacturing methods are needed to precisely deposit high-quality liquid metal fibers. In this work, an electrohydrodynamic printing process is developed to precisely pattern liquid metal microfibers with minimal defects and ultra-high resolution (≈1.5 µm), overcoming the limitations of electrospinning. The patterned liquid metal fibers can be used for soft conductive composites and soft electronics with highly customized microscale features. The conductive composites embedded with these fibers not only exhibit high conductivity (up to 214 S cm−1), but also possess nearly strain-insensitive resistance (7.3% resistance change at 200% strain) and exceptional cyclic stability. Additionally, the potential applications of the liquid metal fibers and composites in soft sensors, stretchable heaters, and transparent electrodes are demonstrated.

A multifunctional nanomedicine co-loading of the α-emitter 223RaCl2 within iron-based MOFs is developed. Precisely targeted to mitochondria, it exploits the full decay spectrum to synchronize three therapeutic actions: direct α-particle ionization, self-powered catalytic H2O2 generation via secondary electrons, and immunogenic cell death induction. This integrated approach overcomes the limitations of conventional radiotherapy by facilitating effective local tumor ablation and systemic anti-tumor immunity without external energy input.

Internal Radionuclide Therapy (IRT) faces significant challenges, particularly the limited controlled penetration depth of conventional β rays and the inefficient targeted delivery of α-emitters. In this study, a mitochondria-targeted, self-powered α radionuclide nanomedicine, and pioneer a groundbreaking “suborganelle precise radiodynamic immunotherapy” paradigm that synergistically integrates physical irradiation, catalytic chemistry, and immunomodulation to overcome the historical limitations of IRT is developed. The innovation establishes a “radionuclide energy internal cycling” strategy through 223RaCl2 (the first FDA-approved α-emitter), unlocking three synergistic therapies from one radionuclide: precise ionizing radiation, self-powered catalysis, and immunogenic reprogramming. This paradigm uniquely exploits the full decay spectrum (α particles, β electrons, γ photons) to synchronize physical, chemical, and biological anti-tumor mechanisms without requiring external energy inputs, offering a transformative solution to overcome the physical-biological barriers of IRT and bridge localized eradication with systemic immune regulation.

This work engineered a LiF-rich sandwich-model cathode electrolyte interphase with LiBxOy-rich outer and −C≡N-rich inner layer via LiBF4-based partially fluorinated electrolyte with para-fluorobenzeneacetonitrile additive. This optimized electrolyte formulation and stable cathode electrolyte interphase endows Li||NCM94 batteries with long-life, high-voltage, and all-climate high-performance, and a record 544 Wh kg−1 in 7.6 Ah pouch cells with 158-cycle stability.

All-climate lithium metal batteries are highly needed, but remains a huge challenge in cycling life due to the existence of unstable electrode electrolyte interphases, especially with nickel-rich layered oxide cathode at high cut-off voltage. To address this question, a functional and robust sandwich-model cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) is proposed, derived from a LiBF4-based electrolyte modified with para-fluorobenzeneacetonitrile (P-FBCN) additive, to realize the stability of 4.8 V Li||LiNi0.94Co0.05Mn0.01O2 (NCM94) battery operated from −60 to 60 °C. The LiF-rich sandwich-model CEI features an outer layer of LiBxOy-rich to enhance mechanical/thermal stability, and the inner −C≡N-rich anchoring layer to facilitate Li⁺ conduction and inhibit the dissolution of transition metal ions. Notably, the 7.6 Ah-grade Li||NCM94 pouch cell with such electrolyte can yield a high energy density of 544 Wh kg−1 with a long lifespan of 158 cycles.

This work introduces a 3D-printable elastomer that achieves both excellent mechanical properties (toughness of 158.5 MJ m−3) and self-healing performances (healing efficiency of 95.6%), achieved through the ingenious formulation of two dynamic bonds (acylsemicarbazide and carbamate) into the DLP printable resin, making it ideal for flexible and versatile fabrication of complex structures.

Although 3D-printing has offered a promising solution for the freeform fabrication of complex, arbitrary structures, developing elastomeric materials that simultaneously possess mechanical robustness and self-healing functionality remains a significant challenge. To address this, a 3D-printable elastomer is reported by the strategic incorporation of hierarchical hydrogen bonding (acylsemicarbazide and carbamate) into the photoactive resin, thereby overcoming the traditional trade-off between mechanical strength and dynamic functionality. The resulting elastomer exhibits ultra-toughness (158.5 MJ m−3), with tensile strength and breaking strain of 49.6 MPa and 1136%, respectively. In addition, the acylsemicarbazide moieties endow the 3D-printed elastomers with unique dynamic characteristics, including self-healing capabilities and shape reconfigurability, thus significantly enhancing the design flexibility and versatility of complex structures.

A molecular aggregation control strategy utilizing a 2D atomic crystal, hydrotalcite, regulates polymeric adsorption dynamics of donor polymers, achieving an overall efficiency of 20.63%.

In organic solar cells (OSCs), the molecular aggregation property of donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architectures serves as a critical determinant in device performance. Nevertheless, the intrinsic steric constraints imposed by polymeric side chains frequently lead to metastable molecular packing configurations with diminished structural coherence. In this study, a morphological modulation strategy is proposed by adopting a 2D layered hydrotalcite (HDC) nanocrystal to regulate polymeric adsorption dynamics. By leveraging hydroxyl-directed interfacial coordination to HDC matrices, the nanocrystal-integrated BHJ systems manifest a pronounced donor-phase H-aggregation, synergistically coupled with reduced π-orbital overlap distances and enhanced long-range crystalline ordering. These nanoscale structural advancements collectively engender superior charge transfer kinetics with reduced activation energy barriers and improved charge carrier transport properties. The HDC nanocrystal-blended devices not only achieve a top-notch power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.63%, but also shows its applicability across various donor – acceptor BHJ systems. This work develops a crystal-engineering strategy that concurrently optimizes nanoscale morphology and charge transport networks in OSCs, yielding state-of-the-art device performance through synergistic structural-electronic modulation.

A bioinspired polarization-sensitive photosynaptic transistor using anisotropic organic micro-crystals is developed to replicate biological polarization vision. A record dichroic ratio of >103 is achieved under ultraweak light of 600 nW cm−2 while operating at the ultralow energy consumption of 0.22 pJ per synaptic event. The artificial visual neuron replicates complex polarization vision behaviors of butterflies, including intraspecific communication and target recognition.

Polarization vision, a highly sophisticated visual capability in insects such as butterflies and bees, plays a pivotal role in enabling survival-critical ecological behaviors, such as navigation, intraspecific communication, mating, and habitat selection. However, the replication of this capability in artificial systems has long been impeded by the limited dichroic ratio (DR, typically < 10) of existing materials and the complexity of conventional optical designs. Here, the first time a bioinspired polarization-sensitive photosynaptic transistor is developed based on organic micro-crystal arrays for neuromorphic polarization vision. By leveraging the polarization-dependent photogating effect in intrinsically anisotropic organic crystals, the device achieves an unprecedented DR exceeding 103 within a minimal gate-bias window of 1 V, outperforming existing polarization-sensitive photodetectors by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the device successfully mimics the synaptic plasticity of polarization-sensitive visual neurons, enabling tunable transitions between short-term and long-term plasticity through a charge-storage accumulative process. Significantly, it operates with an exceptionally low energy consumption of 0.22 pJ per synaptic event under ultraweak polarized light of 600 nW cm−2, rivaling the efficiency of biological neural systems. Further it demonstrates the replication of complex polarization vision behaviors of butterflies, including intraspecific communication and target recognition, using this artificial visual neuron. Our work opens new avenues for neuromorphic polarization vision, with broad implications for intelligent neurorobotics and energy-efficient biomimetic electronics.

This review explores the design of hierarchical porous materials for atmospheric water harvesting, focusing on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous monoliths. Emphasis is placed on integrating MOF nanoscale porosity with the microscale channels of monolithic scaffolds to enhance sorption-desorption performance. The role of multiscale porosity, from the nanometer scale to the macrostructure, is highlighted in optimizing water uptake, vapor transport, and stability under varying humidity.

Water scarcity, a critical global challenge, has intensified due to the adverse effects of climate change on ecosystems and its detrimental impact on human activities. Addressing this issue requires solutions capable of providing clean water in regions facing hydroclimatic challenges and limited infrastructure. Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) offers a promising solution, particularly in arid regions, by extracting moisture from the air. This review explores AWH technologies that leverage material porosity and hygroscopicity, focusing on highly porous materials such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and monolithic scaffolds. While MOFs exhibit exceptional water uptake due to their tunable chemistry and nanoscale porosity, their powdery nature poses stability and processability challenges. To overcome these limitations, integrating MOFs into multiscale porous monoliths—such as foams, aerogels, cryogels, and xerogels—enhances structural integrity and performance. The role of hierarchical porosity, engineered across nano-scale in MOF (<2 nm) and micro-scales (>2 nm) is emphasized in porous monoliths, in optimizing water capture efficiency. This review also highlights recent advancements in MOF-based composite monoliths, their working mechanisms, and the potential for large-scale implementation. By integrating nanotechnology with material chemistry, this work outlines strategies to enhance sorption capacity, desorption kinetics, and scalability, ultimately providing a roadmap for developing efficient, sustainable, and scalable AWH systems.

A MnCo@mPDA-coated mineralized lotus petiole (MM@MDL3) is developed for skull defect repair. The primary function of MM@MDL3 is to rapidly recruit cells to the bone defect area via its aligned channels. And the MM@MDL3 exhibits strong M2 macrophage polarization by the release of CO and Mn2+ ions, which further enhances angiogenesis and osteogenesis while inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and maturation.

Bone regeneration remains a significant clinical challenge due to the complexity of the bone healing process and the need for biomaterials that provide both structural support and immunomodulatory functions. Here, a bioinspired immunomodulatory scaffold is developed, composed of mineralized decellularized lotus stalks (MDL) integrated with manganese carbonyl (MnCO)-loaded mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) microspheres (MM@MDL3). This scaffold mimics the hierarchical architecture of natural bone while offering controlled CO and Mn2+ release, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, reducing inflammation, and enhancing osteogenesis. In vitro studies demonstrate that MM@MDL3 effectively promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation by activating the BMP2/SMAD/RUNX2 pathway. In vivo rat calvarial defect models confirm significant bone regeneration, with increased bone volume, enhanced vascularization, and reduced osteoclastogenesis. These results demonstrate MM@MDL3 as a promising strategy for large-segment bone defect repair by integrating a biomimetic structure with immunomodulatory and osteogenic properties. The proposed scaffold has great potential for treating clinical large-segment bone defects.

A comprehensive analysis of pyridine N-oxide-silver(I) trifluoroacetate complexes reveals remarkable mechanical strengths that enable the creation of free-standing objects with shape control, reaching dimensions of up to centimeters and shedding new insights into the gelation mechanisms.

Twenty-seven pyridine N-oxides (PyNOs) are investigated to evaluate the gelation of their silver(I) trifluoroacetate (AgTFA) complexes across eight solvents. Gelation occurs selectively with PyNOs featuring electron-donating groups, while those with electron-withdrawing or mixed groups do not form gels. A combination of two different PyNOs, one with an electron-donating group and the second with an electron-withdrawing group, form a gel, suggesting that gel-forming PyNO-AgTFA can override the non-gelling tendency of PyNOs comprising electron-withdrawing groups. Pyridine-AgTFA complexes lacking the N–O group fail to gel, underscoring the crucial role of the N–O functionality and its coordination with silver(I) in facilitating gelation. The resulting PyNO-AgTFA gels demonstrate remarkable mechanical strengths, enabling the fabrication of free-standing and load-bearing gel shapes, such as rods and horseshoes, with sizes up to several centimeters. The analysis of 65 X-ray crystal structures reveals that PyNO-AgTFA complexes manifest four distinct structural motifs, even when crystallized under different solvents and ligand-to-metal ratios, demonstrating a strong preference for a specific set of silver(I) complexes. X-ray crystallography and powder X-ray diffraction studies predict gel structures without single crystals. Density functional theory calculations of recurring non-covalent interactions in the crystal structures show interaction energies ranging from −1 to −92 kJ mol−1.

Inspired by the shock-absorbing architecture of natural insect elytra, a hyperboloid metamaterial scaffold exhibits compression-torsion coupling, converting mechanical loads into strain energy. The upper hyperboloid region promotes chondrogenesis via high strain, while the lower tough lattice favors osteogenesis, enhancing the integrative regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone.

Inspired by the shock-absorbing capabilities of natural insect elytra, a hyperboloid lattice metamaterial exhibiting unique compression-torsion coupling behavior is designed and fabricated. This structure efficiently converts dynamic loads into strain energy, enabling high-strain elastic deformation. The hyperboloid lattice is integrated with a classic reticulation framework and filled with GelMA hydrogel, creating a tailored osteochondral scaffold with mechanical properties that closely match those of joint tissue. Under dynamic mechanical culture, compression-torsion stimulation in the hyperboloid zone induced high-strain elastic deformation, promoting chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, while the more rigid reticulation zone, experiencing minimal deformation, facilitated osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. In a rabbit osteochondral defect model, hyperboloid-based shock-absorption scaffolds significantly enhanced the integrative repair of both cartilage and subchondral bone via the NF-κB and calcium signaling pathways. The incorporation of the hyperboloid metamaterial, with its shock-absorbing and strain-regulating properties, demonstrates great potential for developing adaptable mechanical scaffolds for cartilage remodeling.

The corrosion of Li metal anode by different lithium polysulfide species is systematically revealed. Higher corrosion rate, more uniform Li deposition, and more durable Li anode cycling are achieved in low-order lithium polysulfides. A lithium polysulfide selection strategy is proposed to selectively inhibit the corrosion of high-order lithium polysulfides and prolong the cumulative capacity of lithium–sulfur batteries.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1. However, soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) violently corrode Li metal anodes, inducing rapid capacity decay and poor cycling lifespan of Li–S batteries. Herein, the corrosion of different LiPS species on the Li metal anode is systematically investigated. The corrosion rate of Li metal anode by Li2S8 and Li2S6 is higher than Li2S4. The discrepancy in corrosion rate is attributed to the continuous reaction between the LiPSs and Li metal, while the corrosion can hardly be prohibited by the LiPS-generated solid electrolyte interphase. Smaller Li nuclei size, more uniform Li deposition, and more durable cycling of Li metal anodes are found in Li2S4 electrolyte in comparison with Li2S8 and Li2S6 electrolytes. Consequently, a LiPS selection strategy is proposed to selectively inhibit the corrosion of high-order LiPSs and successfully prolong the cumulative capacity by 31% in Li–S batteries. This work clarifies the fundamentals of Li metal anode corrosion by different LiPS species and highlights the rational selection of favorable LiPS species for promoting the cycling durability of Li–S batteries.

This study develops macrophage-escorted, ROS-responsive rotaxane nanoscavengers loaded with charge-neutralizing carboxymethyl α-cyclodextrin and anti-inflammatory 4-octyl itaconate, enabling precise renal targeting, active diquat detoxification, disruption of ROS-inflammatory cycles, and significantly improved survival in poisoned mice.

This study proposes a bioinspired on-demand detoxification strategy addressing the critical need for efficient toxin poisoning therapies. Focusing on the high-mortality herbicide diquat, an active toxin-hunting paradigm is developed, diverging from passive methods like hemodialysis. Charge-neutralizing carboxymethyl α-cyclodextrin (CCD) is computationally designed to recognize, sequester, and detoxify diquat by counteracting its positive charge and suppressing ROS generation. To enhance renal targeting (diquat's primary toxic site), CCD is threaded onto PEG5K chains forming cyclodextrin rotaxanes, stabilized by ROS-cleavable cationic polymers, and encapsulated into macrophages to exploit inflammatory chemotaxis. The system incorporates 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) to activate the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, synergistically breaking the ROS-inflammatory cycle. In poisoned mice, this biomimetic system demonstrates precise renal accumulation, significantly reducing ROS damage and increasing survival rates. The work validates a demand-driven molecular design framework integrating organ-specific antidote delivery with inflammation regulation—simultaneously enabling ROS scavenging and upstream pathway modulation-establishing an active toxin-neutralization theory. This strategy bridges biomaterials engineering and redox biology, where supramolecular stability during circulation synergizes with renal targeting to overcome limitations of current reactive therapies.

This review comprehensively overviews the latest progress in advanced nanofluidic channels, focusing on optimizing permselectivity to boost ion transport efficiency. It emphasizes the systematic manipulation of nanochannel architectures to balance permeability and selectivity. Finally, it provides forward-looking insights into the future of osmotic energy conversion, including AI integration in nanofluidic design, expanded applications, and technology integration.

As industrialization deepens and population surges, the demand for sustainable energy has emerged as a globally critical challenge. Osmotic energy—generated from Gibbs free energy between different solutions—stands out as a viable solution to the energy crisis. The key to efficient osmotic energy conversion is the development of nanofluidic materials with high-selectivity and high-flux transmembrane ion transport behaviors. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in advanced nanofluidic channels, focusing on optimizing permselectivity to enhance ion transport efficiency. The systematic manipulation of nanochannel architectures is underscored to navigate the inherent balance between permeability and selectivity. Furthermore, the impact of external field regulation on the controlled ion transport within nanofluidic channels, aiming to boost osmotic energy conversion, is explored. At last, visionary insights into the future of osmotic energy conversion are offered, encompassing the combination with artificial intelligence (AI) in nanofluidic design, the expansion of application landscapes, and the integration with other complementary technologies.

In this work, the authors confirm that breast cancer cells can directly bind with IgA, dependent on polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR)-mediated transcytosis function, modulating tumorigenic phenotype and antitumor response. To harness this biology, an intranasal tumor vaccine is designed, which can effectively combat primary and metastatic breast cancer through at least two independent mechanisms, including PIGR-IgA interaction and antigen recognition.

Humoral immunity-cancer crosstalk has gained attention recently owing to its impact on tumor immune responses and therapy responsiveness. Here, it is shown that epithelial breast cancer cells can directly bind with non-antigen-specific IgA, dependent on polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR)-mediated transcytosis function, modulating tumoral inflammatory genes and sensitizing antitumor response. To harness this biology, a hybrid tumor vaccine is designed by covering the adjuvant-loaded cancer cell vesicles with a calcium phosphate shell, which retains the antigen information of the original tumor cells and exhibits robust mucosal adhesion in nasal tissues. Following intranasal vaccination, such a hybrid vaccine preferentially activates germinal center responses in nasal-associated lymphoid tissues and drives the production of tumoral antigen-specific IgA-dominated humoral immunity in both serum and lung through the property of “common mucosal immune system”, thus coordinating cellular immune responses to prevent lung colonization of IgA-opsonized breast cancer. In the inoperable and postoperative breast cancer model, intranasal vaccination with the hybrid vaccine also enables the amplification of the therapeutic benefits of local/systemic therapies. In summary, this work presents insights into the antitumor biology of IgA in epithelial breast cancer and explores a highly effective vaccine strategy focused on governing IgA-dominated humoral immunity to combat breast cancer, especially lung metastasis.

The 2D chiral hybrid (R/S)-3BrMBA2PbBr4 perovskites demonstrate distinctive magneto-chiroptical effects. The circular dichroism is significantly enhanced and reversed under the magnetic field. The hybrids exhibit excellent nonlinear optical properties and high-performance in self-driven photodetector. This work provides valuable insights into the design of chiral hybrids and their applications in self-driven detectors.

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites show promising applications in photodetectors due to their high absorption coefficients and outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, most hybrid perovskites exhibit centrosymmetric structures, requiring external electric fields for photodetection. Herein, 2D chiral hybrid perovskite (R/S)-3BrMBA2PbBr4 is synthesized, which exhibits broadband circularly polarized luminescence with a luminescence asymmetry factor of 1.5 × 10−2. Furthermore, the circular dichroism (CD) of (R/S)-3BrMBA2PbBr4 undergoes significant enhancement and inversion under a magnetic field due to the Zeeman effect, achieving an 8-fold increase in the CD asymmetry factor and Zeeman splitting energy of 0.3 meV. The non-centrosymmetric structure endows (R/S)-3BrMBA2PbBr4 single crystals with net polarization along the b-axis, along with efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG) CD and a high asymmetry factor (gSHG-CD = 0.87). The self-driven photodetector fabricated from (R)-3BrMBA₂PbBr₄ demonstrates an anomalous photovoltaic effect under ultraviolet light illumination, generating a photovoltage of 4.8 V that far exceeds its bandgap (Eg = 2.96 eV), while simultaneously demonstrating robust X-ray detection and circularly polarized light discrimination at zero external bias. The work provides significant insights into the application of chiral hybrid perovskites in low-energy, multifunctional optoelectronic systems and paves the way for the development of advanced photodetection technologies.

This review spotlights the critical challenges faced by aluminum metal anodes and aqueous electrolytes. Recent progress on activating and stabilizing Al metal anode is summarized and discussed in terms of two aspects, including anode engineering and electrolyte optimization. Finally, some revelatory insights and possible strategies are provided for the future design of high reaction activity of Al anode and electrolytes.

Aqueous aluminum metal batteries (AAMBs) have garnered significant attention due to the abundant reserves, low cost, high theoretical capacity, and intrinsic safety of aluminum (Al). However, Al3+-based energy storage technologies remain in their nascent stages, facing a multitude of challenges. One major issue is the poor thermodynamic stability of the aluminum metal anode in aqueous electrolytes, stemming from self-corrosion, surface passivation, or hydrogen evolution reactions. These parasitic reactions dramatically reduce the reactivity, prevent reversible deposition/dissolution of aluminum, and restrict the electrochemical performance of AAMBs. This review spotlights the critical challenges faced by aluminum metal anodes and aqueous electrolytes. Then, recent progress on activating and stabilizing Al metal anode is summarized and discussed in terms of two aspects, including anode engineering and electrolyte optimization. Ultimately, future designs of high reaction activity of Al metal anode and electrolytes with high reversibility, long lifespan, and high energy density are proposed, which potentially facilitate the development of new generation of Al-based energy storage batteries.