http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/rss/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095

This work reviews the recent progress of 2D ferroelectric devices for in-sensing and in-memory neuromorphic computing. Experimental and theoretical progresses on 2D ferroelectric devices, including passive ferroelectrics-integrated 2D devices and active ferroelectrics-integrated 2D devices are reviewed followed by the integration of perception, memory, and computing application. Notably, the 2D ferroelectric devices have been used to simulate synaptic weights, neuronal model functions, and neural networks for image processing.

The quantity of sensor nodes within current computing systems is rapidly increasing in tandem with the sensing data. The presence of a bottleneck in data transmission between the sensors, computing, and memory units obstructs the system's efficiency and speed. To minimize the latency of data transmission between units, novel in-memory and in-sensor computing architectures are proposed as alternatives to the conventional von Neumann architecture, aiming for data-intensive sensing and computing applications. The integration of 2D materials and 2D ferroelectric materials has been expected to build these novel sensing and computing architectures due to the dangling-bond-free surface, ultra-fast polarization flipping, and ultra-low power consumption of the 2D ferroelectrics. Here, the recent progress of 2D ferroelectric devices for in-sensing and in-memory neuromorphic computing is reviewed. Experimental and theoretical progresses on 2D ferroelectric devices, including passive ferroelectrics-integrated 2D devices and active ferroelectrics-integrated 2D devices, are reviewed followed by the integration of perception, memory, and computing application. Notably, 2D ferroelectric devices have been used to simulate synaptic weights, neuronal model functions, and neural networks for image processing. As an emerging device configuration, 2D ferroelectric devices have the potential to expand into the sensor-memory and computing integration application field, leading to new possibilities for modern electronics.

Radiative cooling (RC) is a carbon-neutral technology that harnesses the coldness of the outer space to lower the temperature of objects. This review introduces the working principles, designs, and fabrications of state-of-the-art RC materials, categorized as static-homogeneous, static-composite, dynamic, and multifunctional. Through outlining future trends and solutions, this review will serve as a roadmap for the development of RC materials.

Radiative cooling (RC) is a carbon-neutral cooling technology that utilizes thermal radiation to dissipate heat from the Earth's surface to the cold outer space. Research in the field of RC has garnered increasing interest from both academia and industry due to its potential to drive sustainable economic and environmental benefits to human society by reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling systems. Materials innovation is the key to fully exploit the potential of RC. This review aims to elucidate the materials development with a focus on the design strategy including their intrinsic properties, structural formations, and performance improvement. The main types of RC materials, i.e., static-homogeneous, static-composite, dynamic, and multifunctional materials, are systematically overviewed. Future trends, possible challenges, and potential solutions are presented with perspectives in the concluding part, aiming to provide a roadmap for the future development of advanced RC materials.

This review highlights recent advances in musculoskeletal organs-on-chips (OoCs) and discusses the integration of nanotechnology in musculoskeletal OoCs for precise control of the nanoscale environment and facilitated functional evaluation. The role of musculoskeletal OoCs in improving the precision, safety, and efficacy of nanomedicine is then addressed. Finally, the challenges and potential of nanotechnology in OoCs are envisioned.

Nanotechnology-based approaches are promising for the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, which present significant clinical burdens and challenges, but their clinical translation requires a deep understanding of the complex interplay between nanotechnology and MSK biology. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems have emerged as an innovative and versatile microphysiological platform to replicate the dynamics of tissue microenvironment for studying nanotechnology–biology interactions. This review first covers recent advances and applications of MSK OoCs and their ability to mimic the biophysical and biochemical stimuli encountered by MSK tissues. Next, by integrating nanotechnology into MSK OoCs, cellular responses and tissue behaviors may be investigated by precisely controlling and manipulating the nanoscale environment. Analysis of MSK disease mechanisms, particularly bone, joint, and muscle tissue degeneration, and drug screening and development of personalized medicine may be greatly facilitated using MSK OoCs. Finally, future challenges and directions are outlined for the field, including advanced sensing technologies, integration of immune-active components, and enhancement of biomimetic functionality. By highlighting the emerging applications of MSK OoCs, this review aims to advance the understanding of the intricate nanotechnology–MSK biology interface and its significance in MSK disease management, and the development of innovative and personalized therapeutic and interventional strategies.

This review explores recent progress in photothermal CO2 conversion, focusing on catalyst design, mechanism analysis, reactor engineering, and techno-economic aspects. It emphasizes the need to address rising atmospheric CO2 levels by converting CO2 into valuable chemicals using renewable solar energy, offering insights and future research directions in managing the anthropogenic carbon cycle.

Carbon dioxide (CO2), a member of greenhouse gases, contributes significantly to maintaining a tolerable environment for all living species. However, with the development of modern society and the utilization of fossil fuels, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased to 400 ppm, resulting in a serious greenhouse effect. Thus, converting CO2 into valuable chemicals is highly desired, especially with renewable solar energy, which shows great potential with the manner of photothermal catalysis. In this review, recent advancements in photothermal CO2 conversion are discussed, including the design of catalysts, analysis of mechanisms, engineering of reactors, and the corresponding techno-economic analysis. A guideline for future investigation and the anthropogenic carbon cycle are provided.

In this review, the research status and synthetic challenges in correlated single-atom catalysts (SACs) are showcased. Existing strategies, such as the regulation of nucleation kinetics, nanoscale confinement, defect-assisted metal trapping, precise control via ligand chemistry, and stepwise deposition, are highlighted. A complementary perspective on emerging methods is provided for high throughput screening and upscaling toward the next-stage catalyst production.

People have been looking for an energy-efficient and sustainable method to produce future chemicals for decades. Heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs) with atomic dispersion of robust, well-characterized active centers are highly desirable. In particular, correlated SACs with cooperative interaction between adjacent single atoms allow the switching of the single-site pathway to the dual or multisite pathway, thus promoting bimolecular or more complex reactions for the synthesis of fine chemicals. Herein, the structural uniqueness of correlated SACs, including the intermetal distance and electronic interaction in homo/heteronuclear metal sites is featured. Recent advances in the production methods of correlated SACs, showcasing the research status and challenges in traditional methods (such as pyrolysis, wet impregnation, and confined synthesis) for building a comprehensive multimetallic SAC library, are summarized. Emerging strategies such as process automation and continuous-flow synthesis are highlighted, minimizing the inconsistency in laboratory batch production and allowing high throughput screening and upscaling toward the next-stage chemical production by correlated SACs.

Conducting CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in acidic electrolytes offers a promising solution to address the “carbonate issue”—the undesired reaction between CO2 and electrolyte OH−, aiming to provide a high carbon utilization. This review encompasses recent developments of acidic CO2RR, including mechanism elucidation, catalyst design, and device-level engineering. Challenges and future directions are highlighted to shed light on its further development.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) powered by renewable energy provides a promising route to CO2 conversion and utilization. However, the widely used neutral/alkaline electrolyte consumes a large amount of CO2 to produce (bi)carbonate byproducts, leading to significant challenges at the device level, thereby impeding the further deployment of this reaction. Conducting CO2RR in acidic electrolytes offers a promising solution to address the “carbonate issue”; however, it presents inherent difficulties due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, necessitating concerted efforts toward advanced catalyst and electrode designs to achieve high selectivity and activity. This review encompasses recent developments of acidic CO2RR, from mechanism elucidation to catalyst design and device engineering. This review begins by discussing the mechanistic understanding of the reaction pathway, laying the foundation for catalyst design in acidic CO2RR. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in acidic CO2RR catalysts is provided, highlighting heterogeneous catalysts, surface immobilized molecular catalysts, and catalyst surface enhancement. Furthermore, the progress made in device-level applications is summarized, aiming to develop high-performance acidic CO2RR systems. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions in the design of acidic CO2RR catalysts are outlined, emphasizing the need for improved selectivity, activity, stability, and scalability.

An active-mode hydrodynamic metamaterial is developed with flow-dipoles, enabling active control of the flow field with various functionalities. By adjusting the flow-dipole moment, invisibility, flow shielding, and flow enhancing are achieved. Furthermore, it is environmentally adaptive and maintains proper functions in different environments. Thus, this design can significantly enhance tunability and adaptability of hydrodynamic metamaterials in complex and ever-changing environments.

As hydrodynamic metamaterials continue to develop, the inherent limitations of passive-mode metamaterials become increasingly apparent. First, passive devices are typically designed for specific environments and lack the adaptability to environmental changes. Second, their unique functions often rely on intricate structures, or challenging material properties, or a combination of both. These limitations considerably hinder the potential applications of hydrodynamic metamaterials. In this study, an active-mode hydrodynamic metamaterial is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated by incorporating source-and-sink flow-dipoles into the system, enabling active manipulation of the flow field with various functionalities. By adjusting the magnitude and direction of the flow-dipole moment, this device can easily achieve invisibility, flow shielding, and flow enhancing. Furthermore, it is environmentally adaptive and can maintain proper functions in different environments. It is anticipated that this design will significantly enhance tunability and adaptability of hydrodynamic metamaterials in complex and ever-changing environments.

A novel mechanochemical approach enables closed-loop transformation of raw materials into high-value sodium-ion battery (SIBs) cathode materials. This “zero-waste”, solvent-free process minimizes water use, maximizes material utilization, and simplifies production. The composite, combining Prussian blue analogs and sulfates, demonstrates excellent wide-temperature electrochemical performance, with synergy verified by in situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations, highlighting its potential for cost-effective, practical SIBs.

Closed-loop transformation of raw materials into high-value-added products is highly desired for the sustainable development of the society but is seldom achieved. Here, a low-cost, solvent-free and “zero-waste” mechanochemical protocol is reported for the large-scale preparation of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This process ensures full utilization of raw materials, effectively reduces water consumption, and simplifies the operating process. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the cubic Prussian blue analogs (c-NFFHCF) and dehydrated polyanionic sulfates (m-NFS), the generated composite exhibits promising wide-temperature electrochemical performance and excellent practical application potential. The synergistic effect between m-NFS and c-NFFHCF in the composite is revealed through multiple in situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations. The proposed mechanochemical strategy can be scaled to a kilogram-grade level, providing a sustainable method for the value-added utilization of the by-products during Prussian blue analogs synthesis, advancing the design of “zero-waste” cathode materials for low-cost practical SIBs.

A Janus and Kagome van der Waals material Nb3TeI7 exhibits strong electronic bipolar states and robust semiconducting properties with the face-dependent n-type and p-type field-effect transistor behaviors. Strong built-in out-of-plane polarization is attributed to ferroelectric-like stacking, amplified by strong electron correlation in the Nb flat bands at the breathing-Kagome lattice, endowing Nb3TeI7 with a promising material platform for Janus-material-based applications.

Janus materials, a novel class of materials with two faces of different chemical compositions and electronic polarities, offer significant potential for various applications with catalytic reactions, chemical sensing, and optical or electronic responses. A key aspect for such functionalities is face-dependent electronic bipolarity, which is usually limited by the chemical distinction of terminated surfaces and has not been exploited in the semiconducting regime. Here, it is showed that a Janus and Kagome van der Waals (vdW) material Nb3TeI7 has ferroelectric-like coherent stacking of the Janus layers and hosts strong electronic bipolar states in the semiconducting regime. A large potential difference of ∼ 0.7 eV between the I4 and TeI3 terminated surfaces is observed, despite only one fourth of the I atoms being replaced by Te atoms on one side of the layers. Additionally, robust semiconducting properties with the face-dependent n-type and p-type field-effect transistor behaviors are demonstrated. These unique properties are attributed to Nb 4d orbital flat bands of the breathing-Kagome lattice, of which significantly large electron mass makes the semiconducting properties immune to impurity doping, and inherent strong electron correlation enhances asymmetric electron distribution, thereby amplifying a built-in electric field. These findings highlight that naturally-grown Janus and Kagome vdW semiconductors provide a promising material platform for utilizing strong electronic bipolarity in 2D-material-based applications.

This work introduces an innovative electrostatic capture-and-release manipulator enabling precise microdroplet emission and transportation. Utilizing electrostatic forces and dielectric pinning, it achieves controlled, contamination-free manipulation of nanoscale droplets. The study explores its application in diverse fields, including microfluidics, chemical reactions, and material fabrication, offering a sustainable and highly accurate platform for droplet-based technologies.

The application of physical fields is crucial for droplet generation and manipulation, underpinning technologies like printing, microfluidic biochips, drug delivery, and flexible sensors. Despite advancements, precise micro/nanoscale droplet generation and accurate microfluidic reactions remain challenging. Inspired by the liquid ejection mechanisms in microscopic organisms, an electrostatic manipulator for the precise capture, emission, and transport of microdroplets is proposed. This approach enables the controlled and periodic emission of nanoscale daughter droplets from microscale parent droplets, achieved through dielectric pinning on surfaces and electrostatic field-driven forces. Results show precise nanoscale droplet release on inert polymer surfaces, enabling directional, contamination-free liquid manipulation. Moreover, leveraging surface treatment techniques and robust electrostatic force-driven transportation, a versatile strategy for droplet generation and manipulation, spanning from microfluidic devices to chemical reaction operations. The novel droplet manipulation phenomena and control strategies can advance the fields of electrostatic-based microfluidics, materials fabrication, and beyond.

A biomimetic mechano–bactericidal nanomotor designed to address ocular multidrug-resistant bacterial infections by combining spiky topological structures with self-thermophoresis is developed. The nanomotor demonstrates highly specific targeting of bacteria, effective elimination of bacterial cells, enhanced penetration into biofilms, and excellent biocompatibility. In vivo studies indicate that the mechano–bactericidal approach delivers outstanding therapeutic results; while, causing minimal side effects.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and their associated biofilms are major causative factors in eye infections, often resulting in blindness and presenting considerable global health challenges. Presently, mechano–bactericidal systems, which combine distinct topological geometries with mechanical forces to physically induce bacterial apoptosis, show promising potential. However, the physical interaction process between current mechano–bactericidal systems and bacteria is generally based on passive diffusion or Brownian motion and lacks the force required for biofilm penetration; thus, featuring low antibacterial efficacy. Here, a biomimetic mechano–bactericidal nanomotor (VMSNT) is synthesized by functionalizing COOH-PEG-phenylboronic acid (PBA) on virus-like mesoporous silica, with subsequent partial coating of Au caps. Enhanced by self-thermophoresis capabilities and virus-like topological shapes, VMSNT significantly improves mechanical antibacterial effects and biofilm penetration. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analyses demonstrate that VMSNT can precisely target bacteria within the infection microenvironment, facilitated by PBA's ability to recognize and bind to the peptidoglycan on bacterial surfaces. Remarkably, VMSNT is also effective in eliminating MDR bacteria and reducing inflammation in mice models of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected keratitis and endophthalmitis, with minimal adverse effects. Overall, such a nanomotor presents a promising approach for addressing the challenges of ocular MDR bacterial infections.

The optical properties of antimony make it a promising candidate for photonic memory applications due to the large contrast between crystalline and amorphous solid states. This study resolves the entire switching cycle from crystal to glass and back. It elucidates the structural origin of the optical properties of the final and intermediate transient states, which are relevant for high bandwidth photonic applications.

As a phase change material (PCM), antimony exhibits a set of desirable properties that make it an interesting candidate for photonic memory applications. These include a large optical contrast between crystalline and amorphous solid states over a wide wavelength range. Switching between the states is possible on nanosecond timescales by applying short heating pulses. The glass state is reached through melting and rapid quenching through a supercooled liquid regime. While initial and final states are easily characterized, little is known about the optical properties on the path to forming a glass. Here we resolve the entire switching cycle of antimony with femtosecond resolution in stroboscopic optical pump-probe measurements and combine the experimental results with ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. The glass formation process of antimony is revealed to be a complex multi-step process, where the intermediate transient states exhibit distinct optical properties with even larger contrasts than those observed between crystal and glass. The provided quantitative understanding forms the basis for exploitation in high bandwidth photonic applications.

A novel advanced oxidation strategy leverages the inherent catalytic activity of spent layered cathode materials, facilitating the decomposition of H2O2 to generate •OH and •O2 − free radicals, which promote oxidation reactions with the surface of the spent cathode. It effectively elevates the Ni valence state, modifies the surface microstructure, and eliminates fluorine-containing interface impurities, thereby promoting the solid-state regeneration process.

Among direct recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries, solid-state regeneration is the route with minimal bottlenecks for industrial application and is highly compatible with the current industrial cathode materials production processes. However, surface structure degradation and interfacial impurities of spent cathodes significantly hinder Li+ replenishment during restoration. Herein, we propose a unique advanced oxidation strategy that leverages the inherent catalytic activity of spent layered cathode materials to address these challenges. This strategy decomposes H2O2 to generate •OH and •O2 − free radicals, facilitating oxidation reactions with the surface of the spent cathode. As a result, this approach effectively elevates the Ni valence state, modifies the surface microstructure, and eliminates fluorine-containing interface impurities, thereby promoting the solid-state regeneration process. The regenerated LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 cathodes demonstrate a specific capacity of 206 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, comparable to commercially available cathodes. Meanwhile, this advanced oxidation strategy proves adaptable and scalable for treating industrial dismantled LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 black mass. A 3.1 Ah pouch cell assembled with the regenerated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 exhibits impressive capacity retention of 74% after 500 cycles. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis reveals that this strategy possesses low energy consumption, minimal environmental footprint, and high economic viability, suggesting its suitability for the battery recycling industry.

Researchers have experimentally unveiled a perfect interface between the monoclinic (β)-phase and orthorhombic (κ)-phase of Ga2O3, establishing a “phase heterojunction” within the ultrawide bandgap Ga2O3 material system. This phase heterojunction exhibits a type-II band alignment with significant band offset, highlighting a large interfacial electrical field, which is verified through the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, even without external bias.

Ultrawide-bandgap gallium oxide (Ga2O3) holds immense potential for crucial applications such as solar-blind photonics and high-power electronics. Although several Ga2O3 polymorphs, i.e., α, β, γ, δ, ε, and κ phases, have been identified, the band alignments between these phases have been largely overlooked due to epitaxy challenges and inadvertent neglect. Despite having similar stoichiometry, heterojunctions involving different phases may exhibit band offsets. Here, β-Ga2O3/κ-Ga2O3-stacked “phase heterojunction” is demonstrated experimentally. This phase heterojunction has a sharp and well-defined interface, and subsequent measurements reveal an unbeknown type-II band alignment with significant valence/conduction band offsets of ≈0.65 eV/0.71 eV. This alignment is promising for self-powered deep ultraviolet (DUV) signal detection, necessitating an internal electric field near the junction and matching the absorption properties for effective electron–hole separation. The fabricated phase heterojunction photodetector displays a responsivity of three orders of magnitude higher at 17.8 mA W−1, with improved response times (rise time ≈0.21 s, decay time ≈0.53 s) under DUV illumination and without external bias in comparison to the bare β-Ga2O3 and κ-Ga2O3 photodetectors, confirming the strong interfacial electrical field. This study provides profound insight into Ga2O3/Ga2O3 heterojunction interfaces with different polymorphs, allowing the use of phase heterojunctions to advance electronic device applications.

Partially ligand-exchanged InP QDs with lipoic acid can undergo direct optical patterning when exposed to UV light, which induces disulfide ring opening, leading to polymerization and the assembly of the QDs. This approach also allows for the creation of stretchable QD films that can be recycled through reversible polymerization. This study provides a solution for future advanced displays and optoelectronics.

The evolution of display technologies is rapidly transitioning from traditional screens to advanced augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) and wearable devices, where quantum dots (QDs) serve as crucial pure-color emitters. While solution processing efficiently forms QD solids, challenges emerge in subsequent stages, such as layer deposition, etching, and solvent immersion. These issues become especially pronounced when developing diverse form factors, necessitating innovative patterning methods that are both reversible and sustainable. Herein, a novel approach utilizing lipoic acid (LA) as a ligand is presented, featuring a carboxylic acid group for QD surface attachment and a reversible disulfide ring structure. Upon i-line UV exposure, the LA ligand initiates ring-opening polymerization (ROP), crosslinking the QDs and enhances their solvent resistance. This method enables precise full-color QD patterns with feature sizes as small as 3 µm and pixel densities exceeding 3788 ppi. Additionally, it supports the fabrication of stretchable QD composites using LA-derived monomers. The reversible ROP process allows for flexibility, self-healing, and QD recovery, promoting sustainability and expanding QD applications for ultra-fine patterning and on-silicon displays.

Transition metal ions migration is the fundamental science for layered oxides of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries and demands more efforts in this direction. In this review, the Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, and V ions migration in layered oxides, covering the key thermodynamic and kinetic factors, universal and specific migration characteristics, effects on the electrochemical performance, optimization strategies, and characterization techniques, are comprehensively summarized.

Li-ion and Na-ion batteries are promising systems for powering electric vehicles and grid storage. Layered 3d transition metal oxides AxTMO2 (A = Li, Na; TM = 3d transition metals; 0 < x ≤ 2) have drawn extensive attention as cathode materials due to their exceptional energy densities. However, they suffer from several technical challenges caused by crystal structure degradation associated with TM ions migration, such as poor cycling stability, inferior rate capability, significant voltage hysteresis, and serious voltage decay. Aiming to tackle these challenges, this review provides an in-depth discussion and comprehensive understanding of the TM ions migration behaviors in AxTMO2. First, the key thermodynamics and kinetics that impact TM ions migration are discussed, covering ionic radius, electronic configuration, crystal structure arrangement, and migration energy barrier. In particular, details are provided regarding the universal and specific migration characteristics of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, and V ions in layered cathode materials. Subsequently, the impacts of these migrations on electrochemical performance are emphasized in terms of the fundamental science behind technical issues, and strategies to modulate TM ions migration for advanced cathode materials development are summarized. Besides, characterization techniques for probing the TM ions migration are present, like neutron diffraction (ND), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and others. Finally, future directions in this regard are comprehensively concluded. This review offers valuable insights into the basic design of advanced layered oxide cathode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries.

An efficiently reactant-enriched and mass traffic system is developed through integrating high-curvature Pt nanocones with a 3D porous TiAl framework. The 3D multiple interconnected channels in TiAl boosts the mass transport rate, while the high curvature of Pt nanocones induces an ultrahigh local electric field, thereby accelerating the transfer of H3O+ during HER.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as one of the most advanced methods for the green production of hydrogen, is greatly impeded by inefficient mass transfer. Here we present an efficiently reactant enriched and mass traffic system by integrating high-curvature Pt nanocones with 3D porous TiAl framework to enhance mass transfer rate. Theoretical simulations, in situ Raman spectroscopy and potential-dependent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results disclose that the strong local electric field induced by high-curvature Pt can greatly promote the H3O+ supply rate during HER, resulting in ∼1.6 times higher H3O+ concentration around the Pt nanocone than that in electrolyte. X-ray computed tomography and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrate the diffusion coefficient of H3O+ in 3D TiAl framework surpasses that in commercial carbon support by more than 16.7 times. Consequently, Pt/TiAl-nanocone exhibits a high mass activity of 17.2 mA cm−2 Pt at an overpotential of 100 mV with an ultrahigh TOF value of 42.9 atom−1 s−1. In a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, the Pt/TiAl-nanocone cathode achieves an industrial-scale current density of 1.0 A cm−2 with a cell voltage of 1.88 V at 60 °C and can operate stably for at least 800 h with a sluggish voltage decay rate of 137 µV h−1.

The LM implantable physiological electrode (LM-Ag-pSBS) is designed based on a spatial wettability tuning strategy. The wettability issue of LMs within the three-dimensional porous skeletons of the substrate is addressed by the synergistic interaction between Ag and LMs. Due to its long-term biocompatibility and durability, the LM-Ag-pSBS shows great potential in smart healthcare, brain-computer interface, and disability rehabilitation.

Implantable physiological electrodes provide unprecedented opportunities for real-time and uninterrupted monitoring of biological signals. Most implantable electronics adopt thin-film substrates with low permeability that severely hampers tissue metabolism, impeding their long-term biocompatibility. Recent innovations have seen the advent of permeable electronics through the strategic modification of liquid metals (LMs) onto porous substrates. However, the durability of these electronics is limited by the inherent poor wettability of LMs, particularly within the intricate 3D skeleton of the porous substrate. Herein, the study reports a spatial wettability tuning strategy that solves the wettability issue of LMs within the porous substrates, enabling the LM physiological electrodes with high durability and long-term biocompatibility. The study demonstrates the use of the electrodes as implantable neural interface to realize in vivo acquisition of electrocardiograph and electrocorticogram signals with long-term biocompatibility and high signal-to-noise ratio. This work demonstrates a promising direction for rational design of durable implantable bioelectronics with long-term biocompatibility.

This review systematically examines the recent progress of representative bio-based elastomers derived from molecular building blocks and biopolymers, focusing on molecular design, synthesis approaches, mechanical performance, and performance-advantaged properties. Their biomedical applications in wound dressing, cardiovascular, nerve, and bone repair, and biosensors are exemplified. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges associated with bio-based elastomers and outlines potential future directions for their development.

To reduce carbon footprint and human dependence on fossil fuels, the field of bio-based polymers has undergone explosive growth in recent years. Among them, bio-based elastomers have gained tremendous attention for their inherent softness, high strain, and resilience. In this review, the recent progress of representative bio-based elastomers derived from molecular building blocks and biopolymers are recapitulated, with an emphasis on molecular design, synthesis approaches, and mechanical performance. The performance-advantaged properties of bio-based elastomers, including immune modulation, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are also explored. Furthermore, their representative biomedical applications in wound dressing, cardiovascular, nerve repair, bone repair, and biosensors are exemplified. Lastly, the challenges and outlooks development of bio-based elastomers are discussed. This review aims to offer readers valuable insights into the potential of bio-based elastomers as viable alternatives to petroleum-based counterparts, supporting the transition toward a more sustainable future.

K2FeSiO4 is synthesized and utilized as a cathode material for potassium-ion batteries. This compound offers advantages including high elemental abundance, low cost, and structural stability. Ultrahigh capacity can be achieved through charge compensation involving Fe cations and O anions during cycling. Additionally, the strong Si─O bond can effectively immobilize O anions to prevent excessive lattice oxygen loss.

Single-electron transfer, low alkali metal contents, and large-molecular masses limit the capacity of cathodes. This study uses a cost-effective and light-molecular-mass orthosilicate material, K2FeSiO4, with a high initial potassium content, as a cathode for potassium-ion batteries to enable the transfer of more than one electron. Despite the limited valence change of Fe ions during cycling, K2FeSiO4 can undergo multiple electron transfers via successive oxygen anionic redox reactions to generate a high reversible capacity. Although the formation of O‒O dimers in K2FeSiO4 occur upon removing large amounts of potassium, the strong binding effect of Si on O mitigates irreversible oxygen release and voltage degradation during cycling. K2FeSiO4 achieves 236 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, with an energy density of 520 Wh kg−1, which can be comparable with commercial LiFePO4 materials. Moreover, it also exhibits 1400 stable cycles under high-current conditions. These findings enhance the potential commercialization prospects for potassium-ion batteries.