http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/rss/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095

Pt cluster and Ni single-atom composite systems are constructed on nitrogen-doped carbon support for boosting hydrazine oxidation-assisted hydrogen evolution. The as-prepared electrocatalyst exhibits superior bifunctional catalytic activity, which requires an ultralow cell voltage of a mere 79 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an overall hydrazine oxidation-assisted splitting electrolyzer.

Hydrazine oxidation-assisted hydrogen evolution represents a promising avenue for energy-saving hydrogen production. However, the development of bifunctional catalysts with high atom economy and durability for both hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains challenging. Here, a design is reported that combines sulfur-stabilized Pt clusters and Ni-N4 sites on nitrogen-doped carbon support (Ptn-S/Ni1-NC) for boosting alkaline hydrazine oxidation-assisted hydrogen evolution. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the pre-coordinated sulfur atoms on Pt clusters provide strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) for the homogeneous distribution of Pt clusters, allowing Pt clusters to remain ultrafine, which ensures high atom utilization and sufficient active sites. Moreover, the electronic interactions and synergistic adsorption mechanism of Pt clusters and adjacent Ni-N4 sites markedly accelerate the H2O dissociation and HzOR kinetics. As a result, the Ptn-S/Ni1-NC catalysts exhibit exceptional catalytic activity, achieving an ultrasmall HER overpotential of 19 mV and an ultralow HzOR working potential of −21 mV at 10 mA cm−2 current density. In addition, the overall hydrazine oxidation-assisted splitting (OHzS) electrolyzer can reach 10 mA cm−2 with a low cell voltage of 79 mV and good long-term stability in 1.0 m KOH/0.5 m N2H4.

A novel triple-phase Ag/Ag2Na/Na3PO4 protection layer is fabricated via an in situ reaction between Ag3PO4 and sodium metal. This robust interphase suppresses dendrite growth by combining strong sodiphilicity, high conductivity, and reduced ion diffusion barriers. It enables uniform sodium deposition/stripping, enhancing cycling stability and performance of sodium metal anodes.

The advancement of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) critically depends on the development of stable sodium metal anodes (SMAs). However, practical implementation remains hindered by uncontrollable dendritic growth and uneven Na stripping/plating behavior associated with pristine sodium metal. In this study, the design of a robust triphasic heterojunction artificial interphase is reported, formed via a spontaneous in situ reaction between Ag3PO4 and metallic sodium. The resulting Ag2Na/Ag/Na3PO4 interphase synergistically combines metallic, alloy, and ionic phases to simultaneously regulate ion transport and suppress dendrite formation. Specifically, the Ag2Na alloy and metallic Ag components ensure strong interfacial adhesion and enhanced electronic conductivity, while the Na3PO4 phase promotes homogeneous Na⁺ ion flux and accelerates surface diffusion via its desolvation capability. Benefiting from this engineered interface, the Na/Ag3PO4 anode exhibits a remarkably low nucleation overpotential of 27 mV and delivers stable cycling performance exceeding 1600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 (1 mAh cm−2) in symmetric cells. Moreover, a full sodium metal pouch cell incorporating the Na/Ag3PO4 anode achieves a high energy density of 425.5 Wh kg−1, underscoring the practical viability of this interfacial design for next-generation high-energy SIBs.

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) naturally facilitate lipid transport between membranes. The lipid-capturing shuttle (LipShuttle) mimics this activity by targeted lipid extraction and transcytosis-mediated lipid export, resulting in reversing lipid overload and reprogramming lipid catabolism of foam cells. Consequently, LipShuttle-based lipid transfer therapy promotes atherosclerosis regression by reducing lipid accumulation, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and inducing a pro-efferocytic phenotype.

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) orchestrate inter-membrane lipid transport through hydrophobic cavities, but their therapeutic application is limited by the requirement to simultaneously maintain dual-membrane targeting and lipid-carrying structures. Inspired by LTPs, a therapeutic platform coupling β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with gold nanoparticles as a lipid-capturing shuttle (LipShuttle) is proposed. The β-CD specifically targets lipid droplets to sequester stored lipids, while the gold nanoparticles drive transcytotic lipid efflux. This dual mechanism enhances lipid removal, boosts neutral lipid catabolism, and reverses lipid overload in foam cells. Then LipShuttle's therapeutic efficacy is validated in high-fat diet-fed ApoE−/− mice with established atherosclerotic plaques. By combining ultrasound-enhanced lipid efflux with cell targeting, LipShuttle promotes plaque regression and reduces vulnerability. Mechanistically, LipShuttle-mediated lipid depletion suppresses arachidonic acid metabolism, attenuating inflammation, and reprograms plaque macrophages toward a pro-efferocytic phenotype. This dual action promotes plaque regression, demonstrating a promising lipid transfer-based therapeutic strategy for diseases driven by dysregulated lipid accumulation.

electrode–electrolyte interphase; electrolytes; in situ characterization; room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries; sulfur conversionRoom-temperature Na–S batteries (RT-NSBs) hold great promise for large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost and high energy density. This review summarizes recent progress in electrolyte design, interphase chemistry, and sulfur conversion mechanisms, highlights advanced characterization techniques for probing electrolyte and interfacial behavior, and outlines future opportunities for developing high-performance RT-NSBs.

The urgent need for sustainable and high-performance energy storage beyond lithium-ion batteries has propelled the development of room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries (RT-NSBs), which leverage earth-abundant elements to offer a high theoretical energy density. However, the practical realization of RT-NSBs is severely constrained by formidable challenges originating at the electrolyte, primarily the detrimental polysulfide shuttle effect, the uncontrolled growth of sodium dendrites, and sluggish reaction kinetics. Addressing these intertwined issues through rational electrolyte design is paramount for unlocking the potential of this technology. This review offers a comprehensive comparison of liquid, gel polymer, and solid-state electrolytes for RT-NSBs, establishing a mechanistic framework that connects solvation chemistry, interfacial reactions, and electrochemical behavior to actionable electrolyte design principles. The fundamental operating principles and key challenges are first outlined. Subsequently, a systematic overview of state-of-the-art strategies across different electrolyte platforms is presented, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms and notable achievements. Furthermore, the pivotal role of advanced characterization techniques in elucidating complex solvation structures, electrode-electrolyte interphases, and sulfur redox pathways is discussed to accelerate the rational design of electrolytes. Finally, this review points out the remaining challenges and potential directions to accelerate the transition of RT-NSBs into practical, next-generation energy storage solutions.

Based on the high interfacial compatibility between BTB and NTB cocrystals, OSHs are successfully constructed using a two-step gas-phase method. Through cocrystal engineering, BTB (001) surface was constructed as a template, and vertical epitaxial growth of NTB molecules was induced by motif-based assembly to form 2D OSHs. This work provides new ideas for the design and construction of epitaxial heterostructures.

2D organic stacked heterostructures (2D OSHs) have become an ideal material for developing on-chip integrated optoelectronic devices due to their unique interlayer coupling effects and interface engineering potentials. However, achieving a controlled synthesis of 2D OSHs remains challenging due to the inherent difficulty of regulating organic molecular orientations and overcoming thermodynamic barriers. Herein, a cocrystal engineering-based template method is reported, where cocrystals are engineered into 2D templates to induce vertical epitaxial growth of other cocrystals, enabling the large-scale synthesis of 2D OSHs. The thickness ratio of two layers can be precisely regulated and exhibits a continuously tunable emission from yellow to blue, where the OSHs with the ratio of 0.25 exhibit near-white emission (CIE: 0.33, 0.35). In addition, the OSHs exhibit excellent dual-band optical waveguide performance. This work provides a new synthesis method for OSH's functional integrated materials in the fields of optical displays and waveguides, promoting their application in the next generation of integrated optoelectronic devices.

Perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals exhibit bright emission, fast response, and solution processability, but their nanoscale size limits efficient radiation detection. Organizing them into porous SiO2 mesospheres enhances radioluminescence up to 40 times, achieving an optimal combination of light yield, fast scintillation, and processability, providing a pathway to high-performance, versatile nanoscintillators for imaging, space, and high-energy physics.

Perovskite-based nanoscintillators, such as CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs), are emerging as promising candidates for ionizing radiation detection, thanks to their high emission efficiency, rapid response, and facile synthesis. However, their nanoscale dimensions — smaller than the mean free path of secondary carriers — and relatively low emitter density per unit volume, limited by their high molecular weight and reabsorption losses, restrict efficient secondary carrier conversion and hamper their practical deployment. In this work, a strategy is introduced to enhance scintillation performance by organizing NCs into densely packed domains within porous SiO2 mesospheres (MSNs). This engineered architecture achieves up to a 40-fold increase in radioluminescence intensity compared to colloidal NCs, driven by improved retention and conversion of secondary charges, as corroborated by electron release measurements. This approach offers a promising pathway toward developing next-generation nanoscintillators with enhanced performance, with potential applications in high-energy physics, medical imaging, and space technologies.

An effective post-synthetic modification strategy utilizing [4+4] cycloaddition is demonstrated to fabricate ladder-branched polyimides of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-PIs) with significantly enhanced performance characteristics for membrane-based gas separation.

Advancements in membrane-based gas separation have the potential to address global challenges related to energy and the environment. However, new membrane materials must have excellent separation performance, stability, and processability, and simultaneously achieving all three metrics is extremely challenging. To circumvent these issues, a post-synthetic modification of polyimides of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-PIs) synthesized with a UV light (UV)-reactive anthracene co-monomer is reported. UV irradiation on the PIM-PI solution converts the anthracene units into dianthracene linkages by [4+4] cycloaddition, while the resultant PIM-PI is still solution-processable due to the branched structure. The ladder-like dianthracene moieties significantly increased both microporosity (<20 Å) and ultramicroporosity (<7 Å) of the precursor PIM-PI. Notably, the UV-treated PIM-PI membrane exhibits a large boost in pure-gas CO2 permeability by up to 260%, reaching 376 barrer, while maintaining CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity of 35 at 1 bar. Moreover, the developed membrane material has enhanced stability against physical aging and plasticization and showcases excellent CO2/CH4 mixed-gas selectivity (>30 up to 31 bar feed pressure), which surpasses the 2018 mixed-gas upper bound.

Long-lived room temperature phosphorescent adhesives are developed via water-induced polymer chain reorganization. Their long-lived room temperature phosphorescent properties are extremely stable and can be long-term maintained, and can be employed to non-destructively and precisely monitor the sticking status.

Polymer materials with long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are promising because they are easy to process to fit broad luminescent events. However, these systems typically rely on polar groups to form hydrogen or ionic bonds to confine chromophores to produce long-lived RTP. Such interactions are susceptible to moisture, which greatly limits the stability of such materials and their luminescent signals. Here, long-lived RTP adhesives are developed by random copolymerization of a trace amount of chromophores into polyacrylic acid. For these polymers, a water-induced polymer reorganization can be observed at room temperature to form protective confined regions for chromophores, resulting in an afterglow lifetime up to 3 s, with a high moisture tolerance threshold. The strategy is applicable to diverse chromophores, resulting in RTP with a wide range of tunable emission colors. Meanwhile, these polymers are soluble in water and can be used as removable adhesives. The long-lived RTP can be employed to monitor sticking status non-destructively and precisely, which can inspire the development of high-performance RTP polymers for unprecedented practical applications.

This study introduces a tilted solar evaporation membrane with a cracked metal–phenolic coating for simultaneous water and oil recovery from emulsions. The cracked coating can optimize water supply pathways on the membrane and modulate water-water interactions, leading to a high evaporation rate. Tilted design prevents oil droplet adhesion and realizes oil collection, ensuring durable performance for continuous operation.

While solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) presents a sustainable solution for water purification, its application to challenging oily wastewater has been severely limited by inadequate water transport, oil-fouling-induced evaporation attenuation, and the inability to efficiently recover oil. To overcome these fundamental barriers, a novel tilted photothermal membrane featuring cracked metal–phenolic networks (C-MPNs) integrated with an oil collector for simultaneous solar-driven recovery of both water and oil from emulsions is introduced. Through synergistic material and interfacial engineering, the unique C-MPNs structure enhances water evaporation by dual mechanisms: 1) modulating water–water interactions via tannic acid molecules and 2) optimizing water transport pathways via engineered cracks. This design achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.86 kg m−2 h−1, ranking among the top-performing photothermal membranes. Critically, the network of cracks generates abundant submicron gates that selectively intercept oil droplets. Coupled with the tilted configuration, this system actively transports intercepted oil upward for efficient capture (90.6% recovery) while concurrently mitigating membrane fouling. Remarkably, the integrated system maintains an unprecedented evaporation rate of 2.6 kg m−2·h−1 for soybean oil-in-water emulsions with zero attenuation over 42 h of continuous operation. Extended outdoor testing over 23 days confirms exceptional operational stability and sustained, high-efficiency dual-resource recovery.

Amorphous FePO x enables superior Ca2+ storage through an internal-to-surface adaptive mechanism. Liberated from crystalline constraints, its flexible framework “volume breathing” effectively accommodating volume changes during Ca2+ cycling. During Ca2+ extraction, vacancies condense into nanopores that migrate to the surface, driven by thermodynamic imperatives to minimize energy. This self-optimization creates a textured, curvature-rich interface with continuously evolving ion pathways.

Calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) offer a promising candidate within multivalent-ion batteries (MVIBs), but their advancement is impeded by the lack of cathode materials capable of efficiently accommodating large Ca2+ with rapid kinetics. Here, this study demonstrates how amorphous FePO x effectively liberates Ca2+ storage from such lattice restrictions by virtue of its inherently disordered and flexible framework, unveiling an adaptive storage mechanism in two distinct yet correlated aspects. First, its amorphous network not only revives electrochemical activity but also provides more open and isotropic ion transport pathways compared to rigid crystalline structures, enabling superior internal Ca2+ accommodation and yielding the optimal Ca2+ diffusion coefficient (3.24 × 10−9 cm2 s−1) among the current CIBs inorganic cathode materials. Then, this inherent structural flexibility within the amorphous network further enables dynamic surface self-optimization process of amorphous FePO x via void migration from Ca2+ extraction. The evolving surface morphology provides more Ca2+ adsorption sites, enhancing decalciation/calciation kinetics. This synergistic adaptation yields a high capacity (124.3 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1), exceptional cyclability (92.1 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles), and high rate (≈76% retention rate when increasing from 20 to 300 mA g−1), demonstrating the broad advantages of amorphous architectures for advanced MVIBs.

Ambient-pressure superconductivity persisting over 100 days is achieved in 11.8 nm LaPr2Ni2O7 films grown on SrLaAlO4 substrates. Structural and transport analyses reveal spontaneous formation of a protective (La,Pr)4Ni3O10-dominant surface phase (>10 nm from the interface) that stabilizes superconductivity. Additional ex situ amorphous oxide capping further enhances ambient stability, marking a significant advance toward durable bilayer nickelate superconductors.

The recent observation of ambient-pressure superconductivity in compressively strained (La,Pr)3Ni2O7 films marks a significant advance in nickelate superconductivity research. However, their fabrication remains challenging, with reported thickness limited to <6.6 nm and pronounced ambient degradation. In this study, LaPr2Ni2O7 films with nominal thicknesses ranging from 3.5 to 23.5 nm are fabricated. Superconductivity is observed in all samples, with a maximum onset transition temperature (T c) of 44 K. No systematic correlation between T c and film thickness is identified. Angle-dependent T c measurements under external magnetic fields and vortex anisotropy analysis indicate 2D superconductivity in all samples. Structural and transport measurements show that superconductivity in LaPr2Ni2O7 is confined to within 10 nm of the interface, while thicker films develop a protective (La,Pr)4Ni3O10 surface layer that enhances stability. Ex situ amorphous oxide capping layers further suppress superconducting degradation, yielding 10-fold stability enhancement in ultrathin films (3 ≈ 4 nm) and prolonging stability from 30 to more than 100 days in thicker films.

This study presents a twist-assisted healing flexible NO2 sensor by integrating Au/Pd&PEDOT@rGO on PU nonwoven. The sensor achieves ultra-sensitive detection, rapid response, and exceptional humidity resistance, as well as good mechanical robustness. Remarkably, fractured sensors restore functionality via twist-assisted healing. Integrated into wearable devices, it enables real-time gas monitoring in harsh conditions.

A twist-assisted healing flexible sensor for ultrasensitive and selective detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at room temperature is developed by sequentially introducing the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) onto polyurethane (PU) nonwovens as the conducting medium, followed by decoration with the Au/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) and polythiophene (Au/Pd&PEDOT) composites as the pivotal sensing layer. The optimized Au/Pd&PEDOT@rGO@PU sensor exhibits outstanding performance across a wide NO2 concentration range (0.1–800 ppm), demonstrating improved sensitivity (≈27% to 1 ppm), rapid response /recovery characteristics (7 s/38 s), ultralow detection limit (2 ppb), and exceptional selectivity at 28 °C. Such superior NO2 sensing can be ascribed to the synergistic effect: the outer PEDOT coating exposes numerous sensing sites, the Au/Pd NPs exert excellent catalysis, and the rGO framework accelerates the charge transfer. More importantly, the sensor demonstrates remarkable mechanical properties, including good robustness, twist-assisted healing capability, and superior water resistance. Combining scalable fabrication, straightforward construction, and competitive detection metrics, this flexible sensor represents a promising platform for real NO2 monitoring applications.

15 quinary L12-type Pt3M(4) high-entropy intermetallic compounds are designed, train a deep neural network to predict hydrogen adsorption energies across 20 000 microstates per composition, and establish a novel statistical evaluation framework by quantifying microstates within the active range. Site-specific analysis reveals that surface Co, Cr, and Fe optimize Pt-Pt-M sites, while subsurface Ni and Co modulate Pt-Pt-Pt configurations.

Rational design of high-entropy intermetallic compounds (HEICs) remains challenging due to complex structure-property relationships and the lack of predictive tools. Here, a data-driven framework is presented to evaluate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of L12-type quinary Pt3M(4) HEICs, where M comprises any four elements from six 3d transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn). Guided by the Pm-3m space group, 15 distinct compositions with numerous microstates are designed. A deep neural network, trained on 453 computed datasets, predicts hydrogen adsorption energy (∆E H*) across 20 000 microstructures per composition, enabling statistical mapping of site-specific performance. To capture the effect of local atomic environments, a novel statistical evaluation approach is introduced that quantifies the number of microstates falling within the optimal ∆E H* range, advancing beyond conventional mean-based evaluations. Among all candidates, Pt3(CrMnFeCo) emerges as the most promising HER catalyst, validated experimentally over a wide pH range. Further in-depth data mining reveals that surface Co, Cr, and Fe optimize Pt-Pt-M sites, while subsurface Ni and Co modulate Pt-Pt-Pt interactions. This study establishes a new paradigm for HEIC catalyst design and deepens the mechanistic understanding of activity origin in complex multimetal systems.

Reticular frameworks (RFs) such as metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks offer versatile platforms for polymer materials innovation, enabling regulated polymerization, efficient macromolecular purification, and polymer functionalization. This review highlights recent achievements and prospects in creating advanced polymers using RFs, paving the way for next-generation functional materials.

This review article aims to explore the innovative applications of reticular frameworks (RFs), particularly metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, for the development of advanced polymers. RFs, characterized by their crystalline porous structures and tunable properties, have significant advantages in polymer production and functionalization, improving their synthetic efficiency, structural regularity, stability, conductivity, mechanical properties, and overall performance through a combination of structural characteristics. Ordered nanopores in RFs act as structural scaffolds, guiding polymerization with spatial precision and enabling control over polymer structures and arrangement. RFs exhibit exceptional potential for macromolecular recognition and separation, affording scalable platforms for highly selective polymer processing and purification. Synergistic coupling of reticular chemistry with polymer engineering opens new avenues for the design of next-generation functional materials. Herein, recent developments in the synthesis of polymers in RFs, the separations and recognitions of polymers by RFs, and RF–polymer hybrids are evaluated, which further present a forward-looking perspective. The rapid progress in this field has led to breakthroughs in both fundamental science and materials applications, promoting future investigations to expand their potential in creating advanced polymer materials.

A touch-driven nested optical encryption system is proposed via a bi-chiral superstructure. Structural colors and vectorial holography are combined with precise control of Bragg reflection to encode information in multiple optical dimensions. A four-step decryption process involving human touch enables interactive access. This advances on-demand construction of chiral superstructures, and opens a new way for high-security and high-capacity optical informatics.

With the growing demand for data security, optical encryption has emerged as a promising solution due to its high-speed, parallel and low-power-consumption characteristics. However, most optical encryption methods rely on static structures involved with only few optical degrees of freedom (DOFs), resulting in simple encryption methods susceptible to attacks. Herein, a dynamic nested optical encryption scheme is proposed using a touch-driven bi-chiral cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) superstructure, where relief-structured polymerized CLCs are combined with temperature-sensitive opposite-handed CLCs. Through delicate photopatterning and Bragg reflection engineering, independent geometric phases can be induced to the reflected light with orthogonal circular polarization and multiple wavelengths. Thus, various optical DOFs (wavelength, amplitude, and polarization) and environmental factors (temperature or human-device interaction) are encoded as different encryption dimensions. Based on the developed four-step encryption algorithm, the four-level nested encryption is demonstrated by multiplexing the plaintext and multilevel ciphertexts in structural colors, multicolored vectorial holography and their temperature-driven variations. The plaintext can be derived only through a specific order, with the final step completed by a human touch. This work advances the on-demand construction of chiral nanostructures, and offers a new paradigm for high-security and high-capacity optical informatics.

This work designs a hybrid hygroelectric generator with enhanced electricity generation by synergistic water transport and ion migration in the multilayer structure. The device achieves a high voltage above 1.4 V in a wide range of humidity (0–85%) and an ultra-high current of 1.15 mA (4.6 mA·cm−2) at 85% relative humidity.

Hygroelectricity, converting chemical potential energy of abundant moisture from the atmosphere into electricity, is one of the most promising technologies in the development of next-generation sustainable energy. Here, a uniquely designed hygroelectric generator is proposed with a stable self-maintained water gradient and enhanced electricity generation by synergistic water transport in the multilayer structure, which boosts voltage and current outputs simultaneously as well as demonstrates a low environmental reliance. The devised multilayer structure facilitates charge separation of functional groups and boosts interfacial reactions with top electrodes, which first enabled a high voltage above 1.4 V in a wide range of humidity (0–85%) and an ultra-high current of 1.15 mA (4.6 mA·cm−2) at 85% relative humidity due to hybrid energy contribution. The rechargeable moisture battery is achieved based on a hygroelectric generator and delivered a high Coulombic efficiency of 106%. The hygroelectric devices with high outputs are integrated into the self-powered systems to charge a commercial mobile phone and achieve wearable human activity monitoring. Therefore, this work opens a bright prospect in achieving extremely high outputs with a low environmental reliance for sustainable energy generation systems.

A new class of poly(thioester amide) adhesives is facilely synthesized via spontaneous ring-opening copolymerization of N-alkyl aziridine and glutaric thioanhydride. In particular, the polymer with rigid benzyl side groups exhibits high-performance adhesion to diverse substrates, along with excellent reusability and resistance to low temperatures and water, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional adhesives in line with circular economy principles.

Despite significant advancements in adhesive technology, developing adhesives that combine strong adhesion with reusability remains a formidable challenge. Current commercial adhesives often fail under cold or humid conditions, highlighting the need for next-generation systems with enhanced environmental resilience and reusability. In this study, a facile and robust polymer adhesive is developed and synthesized via the spontaneous, catalyst-free ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of N-alkyl aziridine and glutaric thioanhydride (GTA). The resulting cyclic alternating poly(thioester amide)s (PTEAs), particularly P(AzBn-GTA) derived from N-benzylaziridine (AzBn) and GTA, exhibit versatile adhesion across various substrates, including dissimilar materials, with a maximum adhesion strength of 17.8 MPa on steel. By introducing multiple interaction sites and tailoring side groups, a well-balanced combination of cohesive and interfacial adhesion energies is achieved, conferring the polymers with exceptional elasticity and toughness. Moreover, the incorporation of flexible backbones and hydrophobic moieties imparts remarkable resistance to ultralow temperature and water. Reversible adhesion is demonstrated through simple heating and cooling cycles, with stable performance maintained over 10 reprocessing cycles. Overall, the high performance and reusability of P(AzBn-GTA) surpass those of previously reported adhesives, positioning it as an advanced and sustainable alternative aligned with circular economy principles.

A photonic ReFET array with an engineered HZO–HSO superlattice enables monolithic integration of optical sensing, nonvolatile memory, and synaptic computation. It exhibits forming-free, >8-bit analog states, >1010 endurance cycles, and light-tunable conductance. Integrated into a 20 × 20 array, it achieves 94.45% accuracy on Fashion-MNIST in an in-sensor vision transformer.

Neuromorphic vision systems require artificial synapses that integrate sensing, memory, and computation with high precision and stability. Conventional memristors face limitations including forming requirements, few multilevel states, low endurance, and poor integration density, while ferroelectric and flash-based transistors suffer trade-offs among endurance, retention, and switching ratio, and generally lack intrinsic photonic sensitivity, constraining in-sensor computing. Here, a photonic resistive-gate field-effect transistor (ReFET) array is presented that combines optical sensing, forming-free multilevel memory, and analog computation in a single device. The ReFET employs a Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Hf0.95Sr0.05O2 (HZO/HSO) superlattice gate and an amorphous InGaZnO (IGZO) channel, achieving 272 stable conductance states (>8-bit) in a 20 × 20 array, ON/OFF ratios >10⁶, endurance >1010 cycles, and retention >10⁶ s. The array functions as an in-sensor optical convolutional layer, performing multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations with 94.45% accuracy on Fashion-MNIST using 8-bit quantized weights, while delivering high energy efficiency. This platform enables scalable, high-precision, energy-efficient photonic neuromorphic computing, integrating sensing, memory, and computation in one architecture.

Developing robust catalysts for ammonia electrochemical oxidation (AOR) is essential for advancing NH3 utilization technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in catalyst design and mechanistic understanding of AOR. In addition, it systematically investigates strategies to improve AOR performance for various types of catalysts. Finally, an outlook in multiple disciplines related to the future directions is presented.

The realization of a hydrogen (H2) economy confronts formidable challenges in storage, transportation, and logistics. To address these challenges, H2 carriers have been proposed as alternative solutions. Ammonia (NH3), as one of the most promising H2 carriers, becomes a game-changer, offering higher volumetric H2 density than compressed H2, simplified logistics, and compatibility with existing infrastructure, which thereby reduces costs and supply chain complexities. However, fully realizing NH3’s potential requires overcoming downstream inefficiencies associated with its conversion either back into H2 or into energy. Downstream processes primarily include thermal cracking, NH3 electrolysis, and direct NH3 fuel cells, two of which are electrochemical systems leveraging the NH3 oxidation reaction (AOR). The efficiency of these electrochemical systems is significantly limited by severe surface poisoning and poor AOR catalytic activity, underscoring the urgent need for advanced catalyst design. Here, a comprehensive review of AOR electrocatalysis is provided, with a focus on mechanistic insights into activity-governing steps and surface poisoning pathways. Recent advances in catalyst design are summarized, and overlooked factors are highlighted for performance enhancement. Finally, perspectives on future research directions are presented for AOR catalyst development to accelerate the integration of NH3-based technologies into the hydrogen economy.

A liquid jet triboelectric nanogenerator driven by Plateau–Rayleigh instability (PR-TENG) is devised. Compared with droplet and continuous water flow, the liquid jet exhibits enhanced charge transfer efficiency, delivering over two orders of magnitude higher current output. The mechanism originates from high-frequency contact, efficient electron capture, and droplet recontact-assisted charge release.

Although the solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerators have made great progress in energy harvesting, their efficiency is fundamentally limited by the continuous shielding effect of the solid–liquid electric double layer (EDL). Herein, a liquid-jet triboelectric nanogenerator that exploits Plateau-Rayleigh instability (PR-TENG) is demonstrated to overcome this barrier. PR-TENG converts low-frequency water flow into high-frequency droplets, avoiding shielding effects from continuous flow and achieving a contact-separation frequency of ≈50 Hz. At a flow rate of 320 mL min−1, the PR-TENG generates an output current of over 100 µA, ≈120 times the magnitude of conventional single-electrode droplet TENGs (D-TENGs) that rely on electrostatic induction. The operational mechanism of PR-TENG arises from droplet-fusion-induced triboelectrification, surface charge trapping, and charge redistribution, enabling energy harvesting from continuous water flow and water-level monitoring applications. This work significantly improves the electrical output performance of flow-based triboelectric nanogenerators and provides an effective solution for continuous flow-based energy harvesting.