http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/rss/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095

Here, a tissue-mimetic membrane for functional tendon–bone interface regeneration is fabricated. During the implantation, a biomimicry and inductive microenvironment is created by the region-specific configuration and spatiotemporal release of chondroinductive kartogenin-conjugated nanogel (nGel-KGN) and osteoinductive struvite. The In Vitro and in vivo findings validate the prominent regenerative efficacy in rotator cuff repair.

The globally prevalent rotator cuff tear has a high re-rupture rate, attributing to the failure to reproduce the interfacial fibrocartilaginous enthesis. Herein, a hierarchically organized membrane is developed that mimics the heterogeneous anatomy and properties of the natural enthesis and finely facilitates the reconstruction of tendon–bone interface. A biphasic membrane consisting of a microporous layer and a mineralized fibrous layer is constructed through the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) strategy followed by a co-axial electrospinning procedure. Cationic kartogenin (KGN)-conjugated nanogel (nGel-KGN) and osteo-promotive struvite are incorporated within the membranes in a region-specific manner. During in vivo repair, the nGel-KGN-functionalized microporous layer is adjacent to the tendon which intends to suppress scar tissue formation at the lesion and simultaneously heightens chondrogenesis. Meanwhile, the struvite-containing fibrous layer covers the tubercula minus to enhance stem cell aggregation and bony ingrowth. Such tissue-specific features and spatiotemporal release behaviors contribute to effective guidance of specific defect-healing events at the transitional region, further leading to the remarkably promoted regenerative outcome in terms of the fibrocartilaginous tissue formation, collagen fiber alignment, and optimized functional motion of rotator cuff. These findings render a novel biomimetic membrane as a promising material for clinical rotator cuff repair.

The under-coordinated edge sites on 2D materials exhibit distinct charge distribution patterns, facilitating enhanced interactions with intermediates, and elevating their catalytic activity. Here the recent advances in edge site engineering on 2D materials for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications are summarized, including water splitting and oxygen (O2)/nitrogen (N2)/CO2 reduction. Approaches to harnessing and modifying the edge sites are also discussed.

The utilization of 2D materials as catalysts has garnered significant attention in recent years, primarily due to their exceptional features including high surface area, abundant exposed active sites, and tunable physicochemical properties. The unique geometry of 2D materials imparts them with versatile active sites for catalysis, including basal plane, interlayer, defect, and edge sites. Among these, edge sites hold particular significance as they not only enable the activation of inert 2D catalysts but also serve as platforms for engineering active sites to achieve enhanced catalytic performance. Here it is comprehensively aimed to summarize the state-of-the-art advancements in the utilization of edge sites on 2D materials for electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, with applications ranging from water splitting, oxygen reduction, and nitrogen reduction to CO2 reduction. Additionally, various approaches for harnessing and modifying edge sites are summarized and discussed. Here guidelines for the rational engineering of 2D materials for heterogeneous catalysis are provided.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of SnTe-based thermoelectric materials and devices, addressing key challenges in materials, devices, integration, and applications, while highlighting current progress, obstacles, and offering valuable insights for future advancements.

SnTe-based thermoelectric materials have attracted significant attention for their exceptional performance in mid-to-high temperature ranges, positioning them as promising candidates for thermoelectric power generation. However, their efficiency is constrained by challenges related to electronic structure, defect chemistry, and phonon behavior. This review comprehensively summarizes advancements in SnTe thermoelectric materials and devices over the past five years, focusing on strategies to address these limitations. Key approaches include defect regulation, carrier transport optimization, and phonon engineering to enhance electrical conductivity, reduce thermal conductivity, and improve overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The review highlights breakthroughs in fabrication methods, doping and alloying, composite designs, and the development of novel nanostructures, with particular emphasis on 2D SnTe materials such as monolayers, bilayers, and thin films, which offer new opportunities for performance enhancement. Additionally, it provides an overview of SnTe-based thermoelectric devices, covering fabrication techniques, performance optimization, stability, and flexible device development. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in developing n-type SnTe materials, optimizing interfaces, ensuring long-term stability, and maximizing conversion efficiency. This review fills gaps in the existing literature and offers valuable insights and guidance for future research aimed at improving thermoelectric properties, advancing device integration, and driving the commercial viability of SnTe-based materials for practical applications.

This study analyzes the failure of wireless earbud batteries within their intended usage context. By examining degradations from the material to device level, it reveals that failure patterns are linked to device configuration and operating conditions. The interplay of battery materials, structural design, and microenvironmental factors like temperature gradients offer crucial insights for improving battery integration and reliability.

Lithium-ion batteries are indispensable power sources for a wide range of modern electronic devices. However, battery lifespan remains a critical limitation, directly affecting the sustainability and user experience. Conventional battery failure analysis in controlled lab settings may not capture the complex interactions and environmental factors encountered in real-world, in-device operating conditions. This study analyzes the failure of commercial wireless earbud batteries as a model system within their intended usage context. Through multiscale and multimodal characterizations, the degradations from the material level to the device level are correlated, elucidating a failure pattern that is closely tied to the specific device configuration and operating conditions. The findings indicate that the ultimate failure mode is determined by the interplay of battery materials, cell structural design, and the in-device microenvironment, such as temperature gradients and their fluctuations. This holistic, in-device perspective on environmental influences provides critical insights for battery integration design, enhancing the reliability of modern electronics.

The design synthesis of highly efficient Cr3+-doped broadband near-infrared (NIR) nanocrystal-glass composite (NGC) and the following NGC fiber fabrication for the miniature array light sources is innovated, facilitating the convergence of fluorescence imaging and all-fiber endoscopy systems.

Broadband near-infrared (NIR) fiber arrays are highly desirable for multiplexed fluorescence endoscopic, however, there is a challenge for the development of miniature light sources with highly efficient broadband NIR emissions. Here the synthesis of a MgAl2O4:Cr3+ nanocrystal-glass composite (NGC) with an Cr3+-clusters-induced broadband NIR emission possessing is presented and external quantum efficiency of 44% and a full width at half maximum of 297 nm, and the NGC fiber is further fabricated through a template solidification strategy, resulting in the construction of an all-fiber coupling system by fusing them with commercial quartz fiber that achieves an optical coupling efficiency of 95.2%. Furthermore, these NGC fibers are regularly arranged into fiber bundle as an array light source to enhance NIR luminescence and imaging ability, and the fluorescence imaging of 4 mm biological tissue penetration is realized, as well as the multiplexed fluorescence imaging, under the irradiation of the NIR fiber bundle. This study provides general and efficient fiber fabrication guidelines toward NIR array light sources, opening the new routes for fluorescence endoscopes.

To address the challenge of embedding multilayer graphs with minimal complexity and information loss, this study introduces a vertical m-CBA (vm-CBA) capable of directly mapping multilayer relationships. By accurately representing inter-layer and intra-layer connections in three dimensions, vm-CBA outperforms conventional embeddings in link prediction and information scores while requiring fewer operations.

Graph data structures effectively represent objects and their relationships, enabling the modeling of complex connections in various fields. Recent work demonstrate that metal at diagonal crossbar arrays (m-CBA) can effectively represent planar graphs. However, they are unsuitable for representing multilayer graphs having multiple relationships across different layers. Using conventional software, embedding multilayer graphs in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces introduces significant mathematical complexity and computational burden, often resulting in information loss. This study proposes a unique graph embedding (mapping) method utilizing a fabricated vertical m-CBA (vm-CBA), where a custom-built measurement system thoroughly validated its functionality. This structure directly maps multilayer graphs into a 3D vm-CBA, accurately representing inter-layer and intra-layer connections. The practical link prediction and information scores across various real-world datasets demonstrated that vm-CBA achieved enhanced accuracy compared to conventional embeddings, even with a significantly decreased number of operations.

The generation and phase transition of reduced dimensional perovskites triggered by phenethylammonium iodide deteriorates the structural and optical properties of CsPbI3-perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). Triphenylphosphine oxide, introduced as an ancillary ligand, not only suppresses the phase transition but also further passivates the trap sites on the CsPbI3-PQDs, leading to improved device performance in CsPbI3-PQD-based light-emitting diode and solar cell devices.

In terms of surface passivation for realizing efficient CsPbI3-perovskite quantum dot (CsPbI3-PQD)-based optoelectronic devices, phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) is widely used during the ligand exchange. However, the PEA cation, due to its large ionic radius incompatible with the 3D perovskite framework, acts as an organic spacer within polycrystalline perovskites, leading to the formation of reduced dimensional perovskites (RDPs). Despite sharing the identical 3D perovskite framework, the influence of PEAI on the structure of CsPbI3-PQDs remains unexplored. Here, it is revealed that PEAI can induce the formation of high-n RDPs (n > 2) within the CsPbI3-PQD solids, but these high-n RDPs undergo an undesirable phase transition to low-n RDPs, leading to the structural and optical degradation of CsPbI3-PQDs. To address the PEAI-induced issue, we employ triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) as an ancillary ligand during the ligand exchange process. The incorporation of TPPO prevents H2O penetration and regulates the rapid diffusion of PEAI, suppressing the formation of low-n RDPs. Moreover, TPPO can passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ sites, reducing the nonradiative recombination. This hybrid-ligand exchange strategy using both PEAI and TPPO enables realizing efficient and stable CsPbI3-PQD-based light-emitting diode (external quantum efficiency of 21.8%) and solar cell (power conversion efficiency of 15.3%) devices.

This work reveals for the first time the underlying mechanism of vacancies in TOMEs and uncovers the effect of atomic-scale polarization on the redox reaction mechanism through in situ Raman and operando ATR-SEIRAS. Further, the stability of cation/anion vacancies is explored in long-term cycling. The findings standardize the fundamentals governing the utility and evolution of vacancies, thereby opening new avenues for a variety of sustainable energy storage schemes.

Transition metal oxide electrocatalysts (TMOEs) are poised to revive grid-scale all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) due to their low-cost and unique electronic properties, while often inescapably harboring surface vacancies. The role of local vacancy-induced physicochemical properties on vanadium-redox electrochemistry (VRE), encompassing kinetics, and stability, remains profoundly unveiled. Herein, for the first time, it is revealed that vacancies induce atomic-scale polarization in TMOEs and elucidate its mechanism in VRE. Attributable to local polarization, particularly by cation vacancy, the activated nearest-coordinated Mn sites prominently augment the adsorption competence of the V2+/V3+ couple and expedite its round-tripping by forming an intermediate *Mn–O–V bridge. It is also affirmed that the anion vacancies are vulnerable to microstructure reconfiguration by feeble hydroxyl adsorption and thus performance degradation over long-term cycling, in contrast to cation vacancies. Accordingly, the VRFB employing cation-vacancy-functionalized electrode delivers an energy efficiency of 80.8% and a reliable 1000-cycle lifespan with a negligible decay of 0.57% per cycle at 300 mA cm−2, outclassing others. The findings shed light on the fundamental rules governing the utility and evolution of vacancies in TMOEs, thereby moving a step closer toward their deployment in a wide range of sustainable energy storage schemes.

Room-temperature operation or high-operation temperature (HOT) is essential for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) optoelectronics devices providing low-cost and compact systems for numerous applications. A band-engineered mercury telluride colloidal quantum dot (HgTe CQD) heterojunction with suppressed dark current is developed and demonstrates sensitive thermal imaging above 250 K with a resolution of 640 × 512.

Room-temperature operation or high-operation temperature (HOT) is essential for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) optoelectronics devices providing low-cost and compact systems for numerous applications. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as a rising candidate to enable photodetectors to operate at HOT or room temperature and develop the next-generation infrared focal plane array (FPA) imagers. Here, band-engineered heterojunctions are demonstrated to suppress dark current with well-passivated mercury telluride (HgTe) CQDs enabling room-temperature MWIR imaging by single-pixel scanning and 640 × 512 FPA sensitive thermal imaging above 250 K. As a result, the room-temperature detectivity reaches as high as 1.26 × 1010 Jones, and the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) is as good as 25 mK up to 200 K.

A method to directly produce structurally colored microparticles by drying cholesteric cellulose nanocrystal microdroplets on a superhydrophobic surface is reported. This approach has several key advantages that can unlock large-scale fabrication of sustainable photonic pigments, including exploiting existing industrial techniques (e.g. aerosolization), reduction in chemicals required (e.g. surfactants), rapid production times (≈40 min or less), and size-independent and robust color.

Photonic pigments, especially those based on naturally-derived building blocks like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are emerging as a promising sustainable alternative to absorption-based colorants. However, the proposed manufacturing methods for CNC pigments, via either grinding films or emulsion-based production, usually require several processing steps. This limits their commercialization by increasing the costs, timescales, and environmental impacts of production. Toward addressing these challenges, it is reported that photonic pigments can be produced in a single process by drying microdroplets of aqueous CNC suspension on a superhydrophobic surface. Such liquid-repellent substrate ensures the microdroplets maintain a near-spherical shape, enabling the radial self-organization of the cholesteric phase. Upon drying under ambient conditions, the CNC mesophase becomes kinetically arrested, after which the strong capillary forces induced by water evaporation result in extensive buckling of the microparticle. This buckling, coupled with prior tuning of the CNC formulation, enables photonic pigments with adjustable color across the visible spectrum. Importantly, the elimination of an emulsifying oil phase to create microdroplets enables a much faster drying time (≈40 min) and improved color stability (e.g., polar solvents, elevated temperatures), while the reduction in reagents (e.g., oils, surfactants) and post-processing steps (e.g., solvent, heat) improves the sustainability of the fabrication process.

NaGdF4@PDA-ALD nanoparticles (NPANs) protect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from ischemic stroke by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chelating excess Ca2+. This dual action stabilizes Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, reduces oxidative stress, and prevents ROS-Ca2+ overload cycles, enhancing MSC survival and functionality, and ultimately improving stroke therapy outcomes.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. However, the survival of transplanted MSCs is often compromised by the excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca2+) in the ischemic microenvironment following blood flow occlusion. In this study, a protective strategy is developed using functional nanomaterials to escort and shield MSCs. Specifically, NaGdF4@PDA-ALD nanoparticles (NPANs) are synthesized, featuring a NaGdF4 core coated with polydopamine (PDA) for ROS scavenging and further modified with alendronate sodium (ALD) for Ca2+ chelation. The internalization of NPANs by MSCs protected them from oxidative damage and calcium overload, thereby promoting their viability and functionality. Furthermore, NaGdF4 generated T1 signal enhancement, enabling in vivo tracking of MSCs via magnetic resonance imaging. The NPANs-treated MSCs demonstrated improved survival and migration to the ischemic region, promoting blood flow restoration and angiogenesis. These findings confirm the feasibility of employing functional nanoparticles to augment MSCs-based therapies, offering a promising strategy to improve their therapeutic efficacy in ischemic stroke treatment.

A photo-adaptive polarization-sensitive organic phototransistor (POL-OPT) based on highly anisotropic organic crystals is developed for bionic night-time polarization perception. Ultrahigh dichroic ratio (DR) of >105 is achieved through time accumulation under ultraweak light of 200 nW cm−2. High-contrast polarization imaging is realized in artificial moonlit environment with a low degree of linear polarization (DoLP) of 0.26, reaching the detection threshold of night-active dung beetles.

The emerging semiconductor micro/nanocrystals with intrinsic anisotropy have provided new perspectives for low-cost and simplified polarimetry. However, the low polarization sensitivity of state-of-the-art polarimeters based on anisotropic semiconductors under weak and partially polarized light severely hinders their practical application in complex dim environments. Here, a photo-adaptive polarization-sensitive organic phototransistor (POL-OPT) is demonstrated for bionic weak-light polarization perception. The combination of highly anisotropic organic crystals with charge-storage accumulative effect enables a self-adaptive polarized photoresponse of the phototransistor to imitate the bionic scotopic adaptation process. Consequently, an ultrahigh dichroic ratio (DR) of over 105 is achieved through time accumulation under an ultraweak light intensity of 200 nW cm−2, which is among the highest in polarization-sensitive photodetectors. Furthermore, POL-OPT array is constructed for effective polarization perception in an artificial moonlit environment with a low degree of linear polarization (DoLP) down to 0.26, reaching the detection threshold of night-active dung beetles. This study offers a new opportunity for the development of new-generation high-performance polarimeters for polarization imaging, bionic navigation, and artificial visual systems.

The review covers the past and current developments in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exploiting nanocrystals of halide perovskites and perovskite-related materials. The review examines the aspects of material optimizations, device engineering, and applications. Furthermore, the current existing challenges and future possible opportunities are discussed in order to define a roadmap in this field of research.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on halide perovskite nanocrystals have attracted extensive attention due to their considerable luminescence efficiency, wide color gamut, high color purity, and facile material synthesis. Since the first demonstration of LEDs based on MAPbBr3 nanocrystals was reported in 2014, the community has witnessed a rapid development in their performances. In this review, a historical perspective of the development of LEDs based on halide perovskite nanocrystals is provided and then a comprehensive survey of current strategies for high-efficiency lead-based perovskite nanocrystals LEDs, including synthesis optimization, ion doping/alloying, and shell coating is presented. Then the basic characteristics and emission mechanisms of lead-free perovskite and perovskite-related nanocrystals emitters in environmentally friendly LEDs, from the standpoint of different emission colors are reviewed. Finally, the progress in LED applications is covered and an outlook of the opportunities and challenges for future developments in this field is provided.

A series of chiral quasi-2D perovskites are reported with efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in films and circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) in spin-LEDs in the red to near-infrared spectrum region. Spectroscopic studies show that the CPL and CPEL originate from an energy and spin funnel process in the chiral quasi-2D perovskites.

Spin light-emitting diodes (spin-LEDs) are important for spin-based electronic circuits as they convert the carrier spin information to optical polarization. Recently, chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has emerged as a new paradigm to enable spin-LED as it does not require any magnetic components and operates at room temperature. However, CISS-enabled spin-LED with tunable wavelengths ranging from red to near-infrared (NIR) has yet to be demonstrated. Here, chiral quasi-2D perovskites are developed to fabricate efficient spin-LEDs with tunable wavelengths from red to NIR region by tuning the halide composition. The optimized chiral perovskite films exhibit efficient circularly polarized luminescence from 675 to 788 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) exceeding 86% and a dissymmetry factor (g lum) ranging from 8.5 × 10−3 to 2.6 × 10−2. More importantly, direct circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) is achieved at room temperature in spin-LEDs. This work demonstrated efficient red and NIR spin-LEDs with the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaching 12.4% and the electroluminescence (EL) dissymmetry factors (g EL) ranging from 3.7 × 10−3 to 1.48 × 10−2 at room temperature. The composition-dependent CPEL performance is further attributed to the prolonged spin lifetime as revealed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.

3D Pillar-layered COFs (PL-COFs) with adjustable interlayer spacing, enhanced crystallinity, and increased porosity are designed and constructed using a pillaring strategy via metal-ligand coordination, which demonstrates significantly improved electrochemical activity and selectivity for CO2-to-CO conversion compared to their 2D layered COF counterparts.

Growing global concerns over energy security and climate change have intensified efforts to develop sustainable strategies for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2RR). Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for eCO2RR due to their tunable structures, high surface areas, and abundance of active sites. However, the performance of 2D COFs is often limited by layer stacking, which restricts active site exposure and reduces selectivity. To overcome these challenges, a new class of COFs known as pillar-layered COFs (PL-COFs) is developed featuring adjustable interlayer spacing and a 3D architecture. Characterization using PXRD, TEM, XPS, and EIS confirmed the successful integration of pillar molecules, which leads to increased interlayer spacing, crystallinity, and porosity. These structural advancements result in significantly improved electrochemical activity and selectivity for CO2-to-CO conversion. Density functional theory simulations revealed that enhanced CO2 adsorption and CO desorption contribute to the outstanding performance of PL-COF-1, which boasts the largest interlayer spacing. This material achieved an impressive Faradaic efficiency of 91.3% and demonstrated a significant current density, outperforming both the original COF-366-Co and PL-COF-2. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the pillaring strategy in optimizing COF-based electrocatalysts, paving the way for next-generation materials for CO2 reduction and sustainable energy conversion.

Nonlinear ion dynamics in electrochemical ionic synapses enable spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) with low energy consumption and minimal variability. The approach supports diverse STDP forms and flexible learning rules across timescales from milliseconds to nanoseconds, enabling spiking neural network hardware with high throughput and adaptability while maintaining low energy consumption and high reliability.

Programmable synaptic devices that can achieve timing-dependent weight updates are key components to implementing energy-efficient spiking neural networks (SNNs). Electrochemical ionic synapses (EIS) enable the programming of weight updates with very low energy consumption and low variability. Here, the strongly nonlinear kinetics of EIS, arising from nonlinear dynamics of ions and charge transfer reactions in solids, are leveraged to implement various forms of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). In particular, protons are used as the working ion. Different forms of the STDP function are deterministically predicted and emulated by a linear superposition of appropriately designed pre- and post-synaptic neuron signals. Heterogeneous STDP is also demonstrated within the array to capture different learning rules in the same system. STDP timescales are controllable, ranging from milliseconds to nanoseconds. The STDP resulting from EIS has lower variability than other hardware STDP implementations, due to the deterministic and uniform insertion of charge in the tunable channel material. The results indicate that the ion and charge transfer dynamics in EIS can enable bio-plausible synapses for SNN hardware with high energy efficiency, reliability, and throughput.

Printed electronics, with their extensive versatility, resource efficiency, and fast-prototyping capabilities, offer an attractive alternative to Si-based CMOS technology. This paper reviews the recent advances in printed electronics, highlighting emerging printing technologies that could lead to high performance, as well as attributes such as resource efficiency, environmental impact, integration scale, and vertical stack leading to 3D integration.

The pursuit of miniaturized Si electronics has revolutionized computing and communication. During recent years, the value addition in electronics has also been achieved through printing, flexible and stretchable electronics form factors, and integration over areas larger than wafer size. Unlike Si semiconductor manufacturing which takes months from tape-out to wafer production, printed electronics offers greater flexibility and fast-prototyping capabilities with lesser resources and waste generation. While significant advances have been made with various types of printed sensors and other passive devices, printed circuits still lag behind Si-based electronics in terms of performance, integration density, and functionality. In this regard, recent advances using high-resolution printing coupled with the use of high mobility materials and device engineering, for both in-plane and out-of-plane integration, raise hopes. This paper focuses on the progress in printed electronics, highlighting emerging printing technologies and related aspects such as resource efficiency, environmental impact, integration scale, and the novel functionalities enabled by vertical integration of printed electronics. By highlighting these advances, this paper intends to reveal the future promise of printed electronics as a sustainable and resource-efficient route for realizing high-performance integrated circuits and systems.

Chlorosome-mimetic nanoreactors (Ru-Chlos) are created by the confined aggregation of photosensitive ruthenium-polypyridyl-silane monomers, which exhibit superior photocatalytic ability under acidic conditions without consuming oxygen. The photocatalytic activity of Ru-Chlos is impeded by the light-responsive disassembly of Ru-bridged matrix. Ru-Chlos-based combined therapy evokes strong immunogenic cell death effects and advances of efficient and safe light-controllable cancer photoimmunotherapy.

Photocatalytic therapy for hypoxic tumors often suffers from inefficiencies due to its dependence on oxygen and the risk of uncontrolled activation. Inspired by the oxygen-independent and precisely regulated photocatalytic functions of natural light-harvesting chlorosomes, chlorosome-mimetic nanoreactors, termed Ru-Chlos, are engineered by confining the aggregation of photosensitive ruthenium-polypyridyl-silane monomers. These Ru-Chlos exhibit markedly enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to their monomeric counterparts under acidic conditions, while notably bypassing the consumption of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. The photocatalytic activity of Ru-Chlos is finely tunable through light-responsive disassembly of the Ru-bridged matrix, with tunability governed by pre-irradiation duration. Utilization of Ru-Chlos loading prodrug [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS) for phototherapy facilitates the generation of toxic radicals (oxABTS) and the photocatalytic conversion of endogenous NADH to NAD+, inducing oxidative stress in hypoxic cancer cells. Simultaneously, the light-responsive degradation of Ru-Chlos produces Ru-based toxins that further contribute to the therapeutic effect. This dual-action mechanism elicits potent immunogenic cell death effects and significantly enhances antitumor efficacy with the aid of a PD-l blockade. These biomimetic chlorosomes highlight their potential to advance oxygen-independent photocatalytic nanoreactors with controlled activity for novel cancer photoimmunotherapy strategies.

A multifunctional skin adhesive patch that strategically integrates heterogeneous phase change elements in a tessellated configuration is presented. This patch simultaneously provides remarkable skin adhesion, dynamic motion adaptability, the ability to integrate bulky electronics, on-demand damage-free detachment, low skin contact impedance, a high signal-to-noise ratio, and precise wireless health monitoring.

Skin-interfaced electronics have emerged as a promising frontier in personalized healthcare. However, existing skin-interfaced patches often struggle to simultaneously achieve robust skin adhesion, adaptability to dynamic body motions, seamless integration of bulky devices, and on-demand, damage-free detachment. Here, a hybrid strategy that synergistically combines these critical features within a thin, flexible patch platform is introduced. This design leverages shape memory polymers (SMPs) arranged in a tessellated array, comprising both rigid and compliant SMPs. This configuration enables exceptional deformability, motion adaptability, and ultra-strong, repeatable skin adhesion while offering on-demand adhesion control. Furthermore, the design facilitates the seamless integration of bulky electronics without compromising skin adhesion. By incorporating sizeable electronics including signal acquisition circuits, sensors, and a battery, it is demonstrated that the proposed tessellated patch can be securely mounted on the skin, accommodate dynamic body motions, precisely detect physiological signals with an outstanding signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wirelessly transmit data, and be effortlessly released from the skin.