Thu 23 May 14:00: BSU Seminar: "The Topological Properties of the Protein Universe" This will be a free hybrid seminar. To register to attend virtually, please click here: https://events.teams.microsoft.com/event/93edb3b5-eb5d-4d19-b30b...
Deep learning methods have revolutionised our ability to predict protein structures, allowing us a glimpse into the entire protein universe. As a result, our understanding of how protein structure drives function is now lagging behind our ability to determine and predict protein structure. Here, we describe how topology, the branch of mathematics concerned with qualitative properties of spatial structures, provides a lens through which we can identify fundamental organising features across the known protein universe. We identify topological determinants that capture global features of the protein universe, such as domain architecture and binding sites. Additionally, our analysis also identified highly specific properties, so-called topological generators, that can be used to provide deeper insights into protein structure-function and evolutionary relationships. We used our approach to determine structural, functional and disease consequences of mutations, explain differences in properties of proteins in mesophiles and thermophiles, and the likely structural and functional consequences of polymorphisms in a protein. Overall, we present a practical methodology for mapping the topology of the known protein universe at scale.
This will be a free hybrid seminar. To register to attend virtually, please click here: https://events.teams.microsoft.com/event/93edb3b5-eb5d-4d19-b30b-1526233e3c17@513def5b-df17-4107-b552-3dba009e5990
- Speaker: Christian Madsen, University of Melbourne
- Thursday 23 May 2024, 14:00-15:00
- Venue: MRC Biostatistics Unit, East Forvie Building, Forvie Site Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0SR..
- Series: MRC Biostatistics Unit Seminars; organiser: Alison Quenault.
Tue 21 May 11:15: Diffusion meets Nested Sampling
Sampling techniques are a stalwart of reliable inference in the physical sciences, with the nested sampling paradigm emerging in the last decade(s) as a ubiquitous tool for model fitting and comparison. Parallel developments in the field of generative machine learning have enabled advances in many applications of sampling methods in scientific inference pipelines. This work explores the synergy of the latest developments in diffusion models and nested sampling. I will review the challenges of precise model comparison in high dimension, and explore how score based generative models can provide a solution. This work builds towards a public code that can apply out of the box to many established hard problems in fundamental physics, as well as providing potential to extend precise inference to problems that are intractable with classical methods. I will motivate some potential applications at the frontiers of inference that can be unlocked with these methods.
- Speaker: David Yallup
- Tuesday 21 May 2024, 11:15-12:00
- Venue: Coffee area, Battcock Centre.
- Series: Hills Coffee Talks; organiser: David Buscher.
Wearable Aptalyzer Integrates Microneedle and Electrochemical Sensing for in Vivo Monitoring of Glucose and Lactate in live Animals
Continuous monitoring of clinically relevant biomarkers within the interstitial fluid (ISF) using microneedle (MN)-based assays, has the potential to transform healthcare. This study introduces the Wearable Aptalyzer, an integrated system fabricated by combining biocompatible hydrogel microneedle (HMN) arrays for ISF extraction with an electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor for in situ monitoring of blood analytes. The use of aptamers enables continuous monitoring of a wide range of analytes, beyond what is possible with enzymatic monitoring. The Wearable Aptalyzer is used for real-time and multiplexed monitoring of glucose and lactate in ISF. Validation experiments using live mice and rat models of Type 1 Diabetes demonstrate strong correlation between the measurements collected from the Wearable Aptalyzer in ISF and those obtained from gold-standard techniques for blood glucose and lactate, for each analyte alone and in combination. The Wearable Aptalyzer effectively addresses the limitations inherent in enzymatic detection methods as well as solid MN biosensors and addresses the need for reliable and multiplexed bioanalytical monitoring in vivo.
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Thu 16 May 15:00: Towards identifying neglected, obsolete and abandoned IoT and OT devices https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/97216272378?pwd=M2diTFhMTnppckJtNWhFVTBKK0REZz09
The rapid adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) and Operational Technology (OT) devices to control systems remotely has introduced significant cyber-security challenges. Attackers have compromised millions of such devices over the years, exploiting their lack of management and weak cyber-security. In this paper, we examine cyber-security issues of neglected, obsolete, and abandoned IoT and OT devices exposed to the Internet. The core of our work focuses on identifying these devices using common scanning tools to find indicators of vulnerabilities and misconfigurations. Moreover, we present an analysis of our Internet-wide scans during a period of two weeks targeting security issues in 8 IoT and OT protocols: MQTT , CoAP, XMPP , Modbus, OPC UA , RTPS, DNP3 and BACnet. We observed over 1 million addresses exposing one or more of these services, of which 675,896 appear vulnerable or misconfigured. Lastly, we examine the IP reputation of the vulnerable devices and show that 7,424 were reported at least once.
https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/97216272378?pwd=M2diTFhMTnppckJtNWhFVTBKK0REZz09
- Speaker: Ricardo Yaben, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
- Thursday 16 May 2024, 15:00-16:00
- Venue: FW11.
- Series: Computer Laboratory Systems Research Group Seminar; organiser: Ryan Gibb.
Mon 27 May 14:00: Title to be confirmed
Abstract not available
- Speaker: Christoph Kehle, ETH Zurich
- Monday 27 May 2024, 14:00-15:00
- Venue: MR13.
- Series: Partial Differential Equations seminar; organiser: Amelie Justine Loher.
Mon 20 May 14:00: Coercive Hamilton-Jacobi equations: equivalent boundary conditions and new uniqueness results.
In this talk, I will report on recent works joint with N. Forcadel and R. Monneau about Hamilton-Jacobi equations posed on domains. The equation is of evolution type, that is to say the solution depends on time and space, and the Hamiltonian is coercive but not necessarily convex. We will see that different boundary conditions can lead to the same weak solutions.
- Speaker: Cyril Imbert, ENS Rue d'Ulm, CNRS
- Monday 20 May 2024, 14:00-15:00
- Venue: MR13.
- Series: Partial Differential Equations seminar; organiser: Amelie Justine Loher.
Thu 16 May 15:00: Towards identifying neglected, obsolete and abandoned IoT and OT devices
The rapid adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) and Operational Technology (OT) devices to control systems remotely has introduced significant cyber-security challenges. Attackers have compromised millions of such devices over the years, exploiting their lack of management and weak cyber-security. In this paper, we examine cyber-security issues of neglected, obsolete, and abandoned IoT and OT devices exposed to the Internet. The core of our work focuses on identifying these devices using common scanning tools to find indicators of vulnerabilities and misconfigurations. Moreover, we present an analysis of our Internet-wide scans during a period of two weeks targeting security issues in 8 IoT and OT protocols: MQTT , CoAP, XMPP , Modbus, OPC UA , RTPS, DNP3 and BACnet. We observed over 1 million addresses exposing one or more of these services, of which 675,896 appear vulnerable or misconfigured. Lastly, we examine the IP reputation of the vulnerable devices and show that 7,424 were reported at least once.
- Speaker: Ricardo Yaben, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
- Thursday 16 May 2024, 15:00-16:00
- Venue: FW11.
- Series: Computer Laboratory Systems Research Group Seminar; organiser: Ryan Gibb.
Fri 17 May 12:00: The intersection of Interpretability and Fairness
A survey of methods of interpretability of neural networks: from gender bias mitigation to interpreting BERT embeddings in a psycholinguistic manner.
Bio:
Giuseppe Attanasio is a postdoctoral researcher affiliated with the Milan Natural Language Processing (MilaNLP) Lab at Bocconi University. His research primarily focuses on large-scale neural architectures for Natural Language Processing.
Attanasio has contributed to various research projects and publications in the field of NLP . Notably, he has worked on topics such as automatic misogyny identification, benchmarking post-hoc interpretability approaches for transformer-based models, and entropy-based attention regularization for bias mitigation. His work often involves the development and deployment of NLP algorithms to address real-world problems .
- Speaker: Giuseppe Attanasion, Milan NLP
- Friday 17 May 2024, 12:00-13:00
- Venue: https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/4361570789?pwd=Nkl2T3ZLaTZwRm05bzRTOUUxY3Q4QT09&from=addon .
- Series: NLIP Seminar Series; organiser: Richard Diehl Martinez.
Deterministic Fabrication and Quantum‐Well Modulation of Phase‐Pure 2D Perovskite Heterostructures for Encrypted Light Communication
Deterministic integration of phase-pure Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites has great significance for realizing functional optoelectronic devices. However, precise fabrications of artificial perovskite heterostructures with pristine interfaces and rational design over electronic structure configurations remain a challenge. Here, the controllable synthesis of large-area ultrathin single-crystalline RP perovskite nanosheets and the deterministic fabrication of arbitrary 2D vertical perovskite heterostructures are reported. The 2D heterostructures exhibit intriguing dual-peak emission phenomenon and dual-band photoresponse characteristic. Importantly, the interlayer energy transfer behaviors from wide-bandgap component (WBC) to narrow-bandgap component (NBC) modulated by comprising quantum wells are thoroughly revealed. Functional nanoscale photodetectors are further constructed based on the 2D heterostructures. Moreover, by combining the modulated dual-band photoresponse characteristic with double-beam irradiation modes, and introducing an encryption algorithm mechanism, a light communication system with high security and reliability is achieved. This work can greatly promote the developments of heterogeneous integration technologies of 2D perovskites, and could provide a competitive candidate for advanced integrated optoelectronics.
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Fri 07 Jun 12:00: Title to be confirmed
Abstract not available
- Speaker: Carina Kauf
- Friday 07 June 2024, 12:00-13:00
- Venue: SS03, William Gates Building. Zoom link: https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/4361570789?pwd=Nkl2T3ZLaTZwRm05bzRTOUUxY3Q4QT09&from=addon .
- Series: NLIP Seminar Series; organiser: Richard Diehl Martinez.
Fri 14 Jun 12:00: Title to be confirmed
Abstract not available
- Speaker: Sabri Eyuboglu
- Friday 14 June 2024, 12:00-13:00
- Venue: FW26, William Gates Building. Zoom link: https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/4361570789?pwd=Nkl2T3ZLaTZwRm05bzRTOUUxY3Q4QT09&from=addon .
- Series: NLIP Seminar Series; organiser: Richard Diehl Martinez.
Enhancing the reaction kinetics and structural stability of high-voltage LiCoO2 via polyanionic species anchoring
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE00726C, PaperWei Zheng, Gemeng Liang, Hao Guo, Jingxi Li, Jinshuo Zou, Jodie Yuwono, Hongbo Shu, Shilin Zhang, Vanessa K Peterson, Bernt Johannessen, Lars Thomsen, Wenbin Hu, Zaiping Guo
Increasing the charging voltage to 4.6 V directly enhances battery capacity and energy density of LiCoO2 cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, issues of the activated harmful phase evolution and surface...
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Fri 24 May 12:00: Title to be confirmed
Abstract not available
- Speaker: Tim Rocktäschel
- Friday 24 May 2024, 12:00-13:00
- Venue: FW26, William Gates Building. Zoom link: https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/4361570789?pwd=Nkl2T3ZLaTZwRm05bzRTOUUxY3Q4QT09&from=addon .
- Series: NLIP Seminar Series; organiser: Richard Diehl Martinez.
Fri 24 May 12:00: Title to be confirmed
Abstract not available
- Speaker: Tim Rocktäschel
- Friday 24 May 2024, 12:00-13:00
- Venue: FW26, William Gates Building. Zoom link: https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/4361570789?pwd=Nkl2T3ZLaTZwRm05bzRTOUUxY3Q4QT09&from=addon .
- Series: NLIP Seminar Series; organiser: Richard Diehl Martinez.
Fri 17 May 12:00: The intersection of Interpretability and Fairness
A survey of methods of interpretability of neural networks: from gender bias mitigation to interpreting BERT embeddings in a psycholinguistic manner.
- Speaker: Giuseppe Attanasion, Milan NLP
- Friday 17 May 2024, 12:00-13:00
- Venue: https://cl-cam-ac-uk.zoom.us/j/4361570789?pwd=Nkl2T3ZLaTZwRm05bzRTOUUxY3Q4QT09&from=addon .
- Series: NLIP Seminar Series; organiser: Richard Diehl Martinez.
Thu 23 May 11:30: Some aspects of contact line dynamics with applications to flow in porous materials
Among the most difficult issues in CFD is the very wide range of scales involved in some problems. Attempts at investigating the dynamics contact line have been made coming from various theoretical and numerical frameworks, the closest to first principles being molecular dynamics, while diffuse interface methods and sharp interface methods with several variants have also been put forward. Experiments are obviously difficult. Efforts made on a number of typical cases, including plunging and withdrawing plates, a sheared droplet, sessile droplets on oscillating or accelerating substrates, menisci in nanopores and the hydrodynamics assist problem. The issues involved in nucleate boiling and accelerated sessile droplets will be addressed both from the point of view of experiments (performed by various colleagues from MIT and Tokyo University) and from the point of view of simulations.
I will also show recent developments in the Basilisk code allowing to simulate contact lines on complex curved boundaries, using the immersed boundary method and an appropriate contact angle boundary condition, and inside porous media.
- Speaker: Stephane Zaleski, Institut Jean Le Rond ∂’Alembert, Sorbonne Université
- Thursday 23 May 2024, 11:30-12:30
- Venue: Open Plan Area, Institute for Energy and Environmental Flows, Madingley Rise CB3 0EZ.
- Series: Institute for Energy and Environmental Flows (IEEF); organiser: Catherine Pearson.
Organic Solvent Boosts Charge Storage and Charging Dynamics of Conductive MOF Supercapacitors
Conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as auspicious combinations for high-performance supercapacitors. However, the nanoconfinement from c-MOFs and high viscosity of ILs slow down the charging process. This hindrance can, however, be resolved by adding solvent. Here, we performed constant-potential molecular simulations to scrutinize the solvent impact on charge storage and charging dynamics of MOF-IL-based supercapacitors. We find conditions for >100% enhancement in capacity and ∼6 times increase in charging speed. These improvements were confirmed by synthesizing near-ideal c-MOFs and developing multiscale models linking molecular simulations to electrochemical measurements. Fundamentally, our findings elucidate that the solvent acts as an “ionophobic agent” to induce a substantial enhancement in charge storage, and as an “ion traffic police” to eliminate convoluted counterion and co-ion motion paths and create two distinct ion transport highways to accelerate charging dynamics. This work paves the way for the optimal design of MOF supercapacitors.
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Progress and Perspective toward Continuous‐Wave Organic Solid‐State Lasers
An organic solid-state laser under continuous-wave (CW) excitation is one of the most challenging areas in organic optoelectronics. Recent advances in long-pulsed organic lasers are comprehensively summarized with respect to molecular designs, optical-resonator architectures, triplet scavenging, and potential triplet-contribution strategies. Future directions and perspectives for CW operation are discussed.
Abstract
A continuous-wave (CW) organic solid-state laser is highly desirable for spectroscopy, sensing, and communications, but is a significant challenge in optoelectronics. The accumulation of long-lived triplet excitons and relevant excited-state absorptions, as well as singlet–triplet annihilation, are the main obstacles to CW lasing. Here, progress in singlet- and triplet-state utilizations in organic gain media is reviewed to reveal the issues in working with triplets. Then, exciton behaviors that inhibit light oscillations during long excitation pulses are discussed. Further, recent advances in increasing organic lasing pulse widths from microseconds toward the indication of CW operation are summarized with respect to molecular designs, advanced resonator architectures, triplet scavenging, and potential triplet contribution strategies. Finally, future directions and perspectives are proposed for achieving stable CW organic lasers with significant triplet contribution.
Direct Integration of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Fiber Substrates
The integration of thin-film photovoltaics with structural components represents an attractive prospect for mobile power applications. In this work, the first example of perovskite solar cells deposited directly onto rigid carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composite substrates is demonstrated, heralding a new class of photocurrent-generating materials with both high specific strength and power.
Abstract
Integrating photovoltaic devices onto the surface of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer substrates should create materials with high mechanical strength that are also able to generate electrical power. Such devices are anticipated to find ready applications as structural, energy-harvesting systems in both the automotive and aeronautical sectors. Here, the fabrication of triple-cation perovskite n–i–p solar cells onto the surface of planarized carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer substrates is demonstrated, with devices utilizing a transparent top ITO contact. These devices also contain a “wrinkled” SiO2 interlayer placed between the device and substrate that alleviates thermally induced cracking of the bottom ITO layer. Devices are found to have a maximum stabilized power conversion efficiency of 14.5% and a specific power (power per weight) of 21.4 W g−1 (without encapsulation), making them highly suitable for mobile power applications.
Understanding Effects of Alkyl Side‐Chain Density on Polaron Formation Via Electrochemical Doping in Thiophene Polymers
A small modification of side-chain density in thiophene-based conjugated polymers affects the polaron formation via electrochemical doping. In situ monitoring of polaron formation allows identification of its dependence on molecular structures. Understanding of the polaron formation mechanism is important for molecular design rules and its impact on electrical properties.
Abstract
Polarons exist when charges are injected into organic semiconductors due to their strong coupling with the lattice phonons, significantly affecting electronic charge-transport properties. Understanding the formation and (de)localization of polarons is therefore critical for further developing organic semiconductors as a future electronics platform. However, there are very few studies reported in this area. In particular, there is no direct in situ monitoring of polaron formation and identification of its dependence on molecular structure and impact on electrical properties, limiting further advancement in organic electronics. Herein, how a minor modification of side-chain density in thiophene-based conjugated polymers affects the polaron formation via electrochemical doping, changing the polymers’ electrical response to the surrounding dielectric environment for gas sensing, is demonstrated. It is found that the reduction in side-chain density results in a multistep polaron formation, leading to an initial formation of localized polarons in thiophene units without side chains. Reduced side-chain density also allows the formation of a high density of polarons with fewer polymer structural changes. More numerous but more localized polarons generate a stronger analyte response but without the selectivity between polar and non-polar solvents, which is different from the more delocalized polarons that show clear selectivity. The results provide important molecular understanding and design rules for the polaron formation and its impact on electrical properties.