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Michael De Volder, Engineering Department - IfM
 

Fri 25 Apr 08:45: Stereo-photogrammetry of reef manta rays: insights into aggregation, maturity, and sexual dimorphism

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Tue, 15/04/2025 - 09:29
Stereo-photogrammetry of reef manta rays: insights into aggregation, maturity, and sexual dimorphism

Niv Froman is a marine biologist, PhD candidate at the University of Cambridge, Principal Researcher at the Manta Trust, and Director of Manta Expeditions. With over a decade of experience in the Maldives, Niv’s work focuses on the reproductive ecology, physiology, and behavior of mobulid rays. He uses cutting-edge techniques like ultrasonography and stereo-video photogrammetry to study wild populations and inform conservation strategies. His passion for manta rays began with firsthand encounters in the field and has since evolved into a career dedicated to their research and protection.

Chaired by Elizabeth Murchison and Sophia Belkhir

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Fri 02 May 08:45: A novel approach to the maxillary nerve: The Palatine Technique

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Tue, 15/04/2025 - 09:27
A novel approach to the maxillary nerve: The Palatine Technique

Chaired by Muriel Dresen and Andrew Conlan

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Tue 15 Apr 14:00: Quantum geometry effects in flat bands

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Tue, 15/04/2025 - 09:00
Quantum geometry effects in flat bands

By endowing the Hilbert space with a metric and a curvature, the modern theory of solids resorts to tools from differential geometry and topology to analyze the physical properties of electrons in a crystal. After introducing the concept of the quantum geometric tensor, I will explore the implications of the quantum geometry to flat bands, where the quasiparticles have zero group velocity. I will then address the possibility of using pumped light in flat Chern bands to create out-of-equilibrium excitons with finite vorticity in momentum space. Those excitons, called topological excitons, have their vorticity set by the difference between the Chern numbers in the conduction and valence bands. Topological excitons can be found optically through the non-linear Hall effect and can condense into a novel type of topological neutral superfluid with profile wavefunctions in momentum space that carry a finite vorticity.

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Reviving ether-based electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries

http://feeds.rsc.org/rss/ee - Tue, 15/04/2025 - 07:42
Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D5EE00725A, Review Article Open Access &nbsp This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.Fangyuan Cheng, Jun Hu, Wen Zhang, Peng Yu, Xueliang Sun, Jian Peng, Baiyu Guo
The development of ether-based electrolytes has significant challenges, primarily caused by the irreversible co-intercalation of ether and Li+ into commercial graphite, which excluded ether from use in commercial lithium-ion batteries...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

Unlocking the potential of catalysis through interdisciplinary perspectives

http://feeds.nature.com/nnano/rss/current - Tue, 15/04/2025 - 00:00

Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 15 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41565-025-01930-3

Interdisciplinary dialogues and mutual insights help researchers to unravel catalytic mechanisms and engineer more potent catalysts.

Gold-modified nanoporous silicon for photoelectrochemical regulation of intracellular condensates

http://feeds.nature.com/nnano/rss/current - Tue, 15/04/2025 - 00:00

Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 15 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41565-025-01878-4

A nanoporous photocatalyst producing low levels of hydrogen peroxide is shown to modulate intracellular stress granules, enhancing resilience against oxidative stress and providing cardioprotection in an ex vivo rodent model of myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury.

Skyrmion nanodomains in ferroelectric–antiferroelectric solid solutions

http://feeds.nature.com/nmat/rss/current - Tue, 15/04/2025 - 00:00

Nature Materials, Published online: 15 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41563-025-02216-8

Polar skyrmions are of interest for nanoelectronics due to their exotic properties. However, so far, these are metastable states requiring a delicate balance of boundary conditions to form in heterostructures. In ferroelectric and antiferroelectric solid solutions, skyrmionic textures are observed to form in both bulk and film.

Thu 29 May 15:30: Mobilizing medicine

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Mon, 14/04/2025 - 16:24
Mobilizing medicine

For more than 60 years, the United States has trained fewer physicians than it needs, relying instead on the economically expedient option of soliciting immigrant physicians trained at the expense of other countries. In this talk, I will examine the first large scale migration initiated during the Cold War with the passage of the Hart-Celler Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. This bill expedited the entry of Foreign Medical Graduates (FMGs) from postcolonial Asian nations and directed them to provide care in shortage areas throughout the country in exchange for legal status. Although this arrangement was conceived as a temporary measure, it has become a permanent feature of the US medical system with foreign physicians comprising a quarter of the total physician labor force. This neocolonial dynamic has entrenched a stratified healthcare system; foreign physicians are directed to America’s marginalized communities, thereby disincentivizing organized medicine from addressing the structural conditions that perpetually produce labor shortages. The ubiquitous and integral presence of foreign physicians not only reveals the racialized operations of US medicine, but it also makes visible how the political economy of care writ large operates in our globalized present.

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Thu 22 May 16:00: Pinosaur redux: whose lives count in histories of extinction?

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Mon, 14/04/2025 - 16:23
Pinosaur redux: whose lives count in histories of extinction?

Joint seminar with the World History Seminar; start time 4pm

In 1994, David Noble, a Field Officer for the Wollemi National Park, in New South Wales, came across a tree he did not recognize in a narrow canyon. Quickly dubbed the Wollemi pine, the tree proved to be an unknown species whose evolution stretched back to the lost worlds of the dinosaurs, before the formation of modern continents, and even flowering plants. Promoted as the Pinosaur and the botanical find of the century, the tree’s ensuing journey from wild endangerment to domesticated treasure is a rare tale of an endangered plant celebrity attracting global conservation efforts. This talk traces the story of the Wollemi pine from its origins and chance find, to the present day, to consider why it is so important for us to include plants within histories of extinction, especially when they are routinely neglected as species needing conservation or subjects worthy of historical narratives. In particular, the talk will explore how paying attention to plants challenges historians to radically rethink common divisions of time, place, and whose lives are historically interesting or significant, and helps us move beyond both anthropocentric and animal-centric policy-making and history writing.

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Thu 15 May 15:30: The emergence of metascience: risks and opportunities

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Mon, 14/04/2025 - 16:21
The emergence of metascience: risks and opportunities

The replication crisis in the 2010s shook the scientific community, causing widespread concern and scepticism. In response, a new wave of optimistic researchers has turned the scientific lens inward, aiming to improve science itself. These metascientists have made progress in diagnosing the crisis, pinpointing questionable research practices and bad statistics as key culprits, and proposing reforms to statistical methods and publication practices. While the term ‘metascience’ is not new, its institutionalization as a discipline is a recent development. A growing community of practitioners, societies, conferences, and research centres now shape this expanding field. This growth raises compelling philosophical questions: Where did metascience come from? How does metascience relate to established fields like philosophy of science and science studies? Is metascience merely about data collection, or does it offer deeper epistemic insights? This talk explores these questions by proposing a taxonomy of metascientific projects, examining models of how scientific disciplines form, and evaluating whether metascience holds a unique epistemic status.

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Thu 08 May 15:30: Doing your own patient activist research

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Mon, 14/04/2025 - 16:20
Doing your own patient activist research

The slogan ‘Do Your Own Research’ (DYOR) is often invoked by people who are distrustful, even downright sceptical, of recognized expert authorities. While this slogan may serve various rhetorical purposes, it also expresses an ethic of inquiry that valorises independent thinking and rejects uncritical deference to recognized experts. This paper is a qualified defence of this ethic of inquiry in one of the central contexts in which it might seem attractive. I use several case studies of patient activist groups to argue that these groups often engage in valuable independent research that advances biomedical knowledge. In doing so they demonstrate the value of ‘lay expertise’ and the epistemic as well as political necessity of not simply deferring to recognized experts. I also give some reasons why patient activist groups often produce valuable biomedical knowledge: they are examples of what I call ‘research collectives’. Research collectives are research communities that differ from the traditional research communities we find in universities and research institutes in that their members typically lack formal relevant scientific credentials and training. But they are similar in that they have internal structures – training procedures, norms of discussion, venues for holding discussions – that facilitate the production of knowledge. I finish by suggesting that future research into the differences and similarities between research collectives and traditional research communities is required.

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Thu 01 May 15:30: Disinformation, denial, and the assault on truth

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Mon, 14/04/2025 - 16:18
Disinformation, denial, and the assault on truth

Disinformation is the scourge of the information age, causing both science denial (climate denial, anti-vaxx, etc.) as well as the more recent ‘reality’ denial (Trump’s claim that the 2020 election was stolen, Q-Anon conspiracies, etc.). People do not wake up one day wondering whether there are tracking microchips in the Covid vaccines or a Jewish space laser causing the California wildfires. They are led to those ridiculous, false beliefs through strategic lies, told by those who created them, in service of their own economic, ideological, or political interests. The problem, however, is that once disinformation is in the information stream, it does not just tempt someone to believe a falsehood, but also polarizes them around a factual issue, which undermines trust and poisons the path by which they might revise past beliefs and embrace future true ones.

How to address this? Engaging with deniers is one path. In a recent study in Nature Human Behavior Cornelia Betsch and Phillip Schmid provide the first empirical evidence that science deniers can sometimes be led to give up their false beliefs. Most intriguing, one of the methods for doing this has nothing to do with the content of the belief itself, but focuses instead on the path of reasoning that led them to it. ‘Technique rebuttal’ thus provides a ray of hope for philosophers and other non-scientists to address science (and reality) denial, even if they are not content experts on the topic of denial. But there is a hitch. This method doesn’t always work… and it is slow.

What might work better? In my talk I will explore a few ideas from my most recent book On Disinformation (MIT Press, 2023), in which I claim that the pinch point on the disinformation highway from creation to amplification to belief is to clamp down on the spread of disinformation.

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Tue 15 Apr 15:00: In-Context Learning

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/show/rss/5408 - Mon, 14/04/2025 - 15:17
In-Context Learning

In-context learning is an emergent capability of large language models (LLMs) trained via next-token prediction. It refers to the LLMs’ ability to learn new tasks and associations (rules, patterns, functions, etc), without changes in their weights, based on (often few) examples provided in their active context window. We will mention some examples of in-context learning of both natural language and numerical tasks by LLMs, and quickly review work on their mechanistic interpretability. In particular, we will present a study linking ICL capabilities of transformer LLMs to the emergence of so-called induction heads during their (pre)training. We will then present a paper which reveals striking parallels between induction heads in LLMs and the Contextual Maintenance and Retrieval (CMR) model of human episodic memory. Both exhibit similar behavioural patterns (temporal contiguity and forward asymmetry), converge on nearly identical parameter values, and use functionally equivalent computational mechanisms. This convergence between artificial and biological systems offers valuable insights into both LLM interpretability and the computational principles underlying sequential memory processing in humans.

Papers: https://transformer-circuits.pub/2021/framework/index.html https://transformer-circuits.pub/2022/in-context-learning-and-induction-heads/index.html https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2024/file/0ba385c3ea3bb417ac6d6a33e24411bc-Paper-Conference.pdf

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Probing into Intraband Transitions Enabled Charge Carrier Dynamics of THz Response Generated in Graphene/MoS2 Heterostructures

Investigation of charge carrier dynamics in graphene/ MoS2 heterostructures under photoexcitation, revealing associated intraband THz responses. The study highlights charge transfer mechanisms and carrier lifetimes, advancing the understanding of light-matter interactions in 2D materials for optoelectronic applications.


Abstract

The engineering of terahertz phonons is challenging due to difficulties in achieving sub-nanometer material precision and in facilitating efficient phonon coupling at terahertz frequencies region. The effective generation, detection, and manipulation of terahertz phonons via the integration of atomically thin layers in van der Waals heterostructures can enable new designs for next-generation optoelectronic quantum devices, offering new avenues for thermal engineering in the terahertz regime. Here, optical pump terahertz probe and terahertz time-domain experiments are used to reveal the behavior of charge carrier transfer in real time at heterostructure interfaces of single-layer graphene and monolayer MoS2 upon photoexcitation and plausible mechanism has been put forward. Moreover, a temperature-dependent terahertz response of GM heterostructure along with experimental observation is explored in detail with considered appropriate theoretical models. These insights can prove valuable for designing the next generation of optoelectronic applications with stacked 2D heterostructures within the terahertz bandwidth.

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4 January 2021

We are seeking to hire a research assistant to work on carbon nanotube based microdevices. More information is available here: www.jobs.cam.ac.uk/job/28202/

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